An electric heating and capacitive sensing arrangement that includes: an electrically conductive heating track arranged on a surface of a planar substrate, the electrically conductive track being connectable to a current source so that during a heating operation a current flows through the electrically conductive track. The electrically conductive track is connectable to a capacitive sensing circuit so that during a sensing operation a capacitive sensing signal is applied to the electrically conductive track. The electrically conductive track has at least a first and a second heating track section extending at a distance along each other on the substrate, whereby a gap is formed between the first and the second heating track section. The heating and sensing arrangement further includes a layer of electrically conductive material arranged on the surface of the substrate in the gap between the first and the second heating track section.

A heating device for the vehicle interior of a vehicle is configured in the form of an infrared (IR) radiator with a textile-based heating band arranged, in a reflector housing. The textile-based heating band is made of a mixed yarn of basalt and stainless steel. Such a heating device can be installed in a footwell of a vehicle.

The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

An infrared heater having at least three infrared emitters arranged in a housing, wherein a solution is created for suffusing as large a solid angle as possible with infrared radiation, wherein the majority of the infrared radiation is emitted in the direction of the space to be heated, and a costly water cooling of the housing can thereby be avoided. This is achieved in that the housing (3) has a front plate, wherein the infrared emitter is oriented in parallel to the front plate and the infrared emitter is oriented transverse to the front plate, wherein the infrared emitters have a flat emission surface, and the greater portion of the occurring infrared radiation is emitted in the direction of the front plate.

A control system for use in a fluid flow application includes a heater and a control device. The heater includes at least one resistive heating element having a relationship between resistance and temperature defining a non-monotonic curve. The heater is to heat fluid flow. The control device is to determine a flow characteristic of the fluid flow and a temperature of the at least one resistive heating element along the non-monotonic curve between resistance and temperature based on a change in resistance of the at least one resistive heating element.

An electrically conductive coating of an automotive heatable windshield having a frequency selective surface area that facilitates the transmission of radio frequency signals. The FSS area may be a high-pass filter such that RF signals at any polarization can pass through the glazing over a wide frequency band. The FSS area is defined by a pattern in the conductive coating such that, when the conductive coating is used to heat the windshield, electrical current flows through the FSS area to mitigate hot and cold spots.

A computer is programmed to modify an electrical property to adjust an opacity of a sensor cover window. The computer is programmed to actuate an excitation source to emit electro-magnetic beams toward the cover window.

A windshield heating system includes a vehicle that has a windshield. A heat lamp unit is provided and the heat lamp unit is selectively coupled to a support and the heat lamp unit is pointed toward the windshield of the vehicle. The heat lamp unit selectively emits electromagnetic radiation to melt frozen precipitation from the windshield. A remote control is provided and the remote control may be manipulated to turn the heat lamp unit on and off.

A method of predicting the temperature of a resistive heating element in a heating system is provided. The method includes obtaining resistance characteristics of resistive heating elements and compensating for variations in the resistance characteristics over a temperature regime. The resistance characteristics of the resistive heating element include, but are not limited to, inaccuracies in resistance measurements due to strain-induced resistance variations, variations in resistance due to the rate of cooling, shifts in power output due to exposure to temperature, resistance to temperature relationships, non-monotonic resistance to temperature relationships, system measurement errors, and combinations of resistance characteristics. The method includes interpreting and calibrating resistance characteristics based on a priori measurements and in situ measurements.

An exhaust system is provided that includes at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway and a thermal storage device disposed upstream from the exhaust aftertreatment unit. The thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time. In one form, a heater is also provided proximate the thermal storage device, along with variations that include a secondary flow pathway for the thermal storage device.