A planar heater includes a base, a resister pattern, a conductor pattern, a power supply electrode, and a base pattern. The base includes a surface portion made of an insulative material. The resistor pattern is on the base. The conductor pattern is on the base and electrically coupled to the resistor pattern. The power supply electrode is electrically coupled to the conductor pattern. The base pattern is on the base and made of a material different from a material of the surface portion of the base to print visible identification information.

A substrate processing method includes forming, by supplying a chemical liquid onto a central portion of a substrate while rotating a rotary table at a first speed, a liquid film of the chemical liquid having a first thickness; forming, by supplying the chemical liquid onto the central portion while rotating the rotary table at a second speed lower than the first speed after the forming of the liquid film having the first thickness, a liquid film of the chemical liquid having a second thickness larger than the first thickness; and heating, by heating the rotary table in a state that the rotary table is rotated at a third speed lower than the second speed or in a state that the rotating of the rotary table is stopped after the forming of the liquid film having the second thickness, the substrate and the liquid film of the chemical liquid.

An exhaust gas heater for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a carrier arrangement and a heat conductor arrangement which is carried on the carrier arrangement and which has at least one heat conductor through which current flows. At least one heat conductor is carried with respect to the carrier arrangement via at least one carrier arrangement support unit in an electrically insulated manner. At least one carrier arrangement support unit includes a carrier arrangement support element having a curved support face.

An exhaust gas heater for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a carrier arrangement, a heating-conductor arrangement, carried on the carrier arrangement and having at least one heating conductor through which a current flows with at least one heating conductor being carried in an electrically insulated manner with respect to the carrier arrangement by at least one carrier-arrangement supporting unit and/or with at least one heating conductor being carried in an electrically insulated manner with respect to a further heating conductor by at least one heating-conductor supporting unit. A connecting arrangement securely connects the heating-conductor arrangement to the carrier arrangement and also a length-compensating arrangement for compensating for different thermal expansions of components of the exhaust gas heater.

The present invention is a touch panel with a heater for enhancing the bonding of optical adhesive, which comprises a cover lens and a sensing substrate mutually bonded by optical adhesive, wherein at least one heating electrode is configured on the other side of the sensing substrate. The heating electrode is formed by printing an opaque conductive material with a plurality of openings formed thereon and through which light is allowed to pass. When ultraviolet light is irradiating from one side of the heating electrode to the direction of the cover lens, the ultraviolet light can penetrate the optical adhesives through the openings on the heating electrode, so that the optical adhesives are effectively cured by the irradiation, and the bonding strength between the cover lens and the sensing substrate is improved.

A heating element and conductive element system may include a heater conductive element and a heating element. The heater conductive element and the heating element may be integral components. The heater conductive element and the heating element may be discrete components. The heater conductive element may be configured for enhanced mechanical fatigue compared to typical conductive element.

A heating element and conductive element system may include a heater conductive element and a heating element. The heater conductive element and the heating element may be integral components. The heater conductive element and the heating element may be discrete components. The heater conductive element may be configured for enhanced mechanical fatigue compared to typical conductive element.

A radiating panel includes the following succession of layers: at least one supporting layer which is at least thermally insulating and constituted by a material chosen from extruded expanded polystyrene, sintered expanded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate; at least one heating layer which includes at least one electric heating element and a studded element with interspaces for laying at least one electric heating cable. The studded element has a shaped sheet element with studs extending in the opposite direction to that of the supporting layer.

The panel includes at least one finishing layer which is at least thermally conducting and made of a material chosen at least from ceramic and natural stone.

The panel also includes an adhesive between the heating and finishing layers, and the studded element is coupled to the supporting layer using one element chosen from glue, extruded adhesives, silicone glues, pressure-sensitive adhesive systems, and mechanical fixing elements.

An aerosol-generating device includes an electrical power supply, a cavity structure configured to receive an aerosol-generating article, and a plurality of semiconductor heaters within the cavity structure. Each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters includes a substrate layer and a heating layer on the substrate layer. The heating layer is a continuous layer. The aerosol-generating device includes a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply to each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters.

An aerosol-generating device includes an electrical power supply, a cavity structure configured to receive an aerosol-generating article, and a plurality of semiconductor heaters within the cavity structure. Each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters includes a substrate layer and a heating layer on the substrate layer. The heating layer is a continuous layer. The aerosol-generating device includes a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply to each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters.