A molding system is provided, which includes at least one mold part and a heating and cooling module. The at least one mold part defines a mold cavity having an opening. The heating and cooling module is inserted into the opening to close the mold cavity. The heating and cooling module includes a die insert defining a mold surface, a layered heater for heating the mold surface, and a cooling unit for cooling the mold surface. The layered heater is disposed between the die insert and the cooling unit and includes functional layers formed directly on a surface of the cooling unit or a surface of the die insert opposite to the mold surface by using layered or layering processes selected from a group consisting of thick film, thin film, thermal spray and sol-gel processes.

A molding system is provided, which includes at least one mold part and a heating and cooling module. The at least one mold part defines a mold cavity having an opening. The heating and cooling module is inserted into the opening to close the mold cavity. The heating and cooling module includes a die insert defining a mold surface, a layered heater for heating the mold surface, and a cooling unit for cooling the mold surface. The layered heater is disposed between the die insert and the cooling unit and includes functional layers formed directly on a surface of the cooling unit or a surface of the die insert opposite to the mold surface by using layered or layering processes selected from a group consisting of thick film, thin film, thermal spray and sol-gel processes.

The present invention includes: a laminated structure of an insulation substrate; a resistance pattern laminated on one side of the insulation substrate with a pure metal or an alloy which is a mixture of two or more metals at a predetermined ratio and having a resistance value which is set by a pattern having a length and a cross-sectional area; a first insulator layer coated on an upper surface of the resistance pattern by a predetermined method to protect and insulate the resistance pattern; a conductor layer in which a metal material is deposited on the upper surface of the first insulator layer by a predetermined method; and a thin film protective layer deposited on the upper surface of the conductor layer to provide insulation from the conductor layer, waterproofing, corrosion resistance, and chemical resistance.

The present invention includes: a laminated structure of an insulation substrate; a resistance pattern laminated on one side of the insulation substrate with a pure metal or an alloy which is a mixture of two or more metals at a predetermined ratio and having a resistance value which is set by a pattern having a length and a cross-sectional area; a first insulator layer coated on an upper surface of the resistance pattern by a predetermined method to protect and insulate the resistance pattern; a conductor layer in which a metal material is deposited on the upper surface of the first insulator layer by a predetermined method; and a thin film protective layer deposited on the upper surface of the conductor layer to provide insulation from the conductor layer, waterproofing, corrosion resistance, and chemical resistance.

A water detecting and ejecting sensor device includes a housing, a ceramic substrate, an integrated circuit and a sensor. The housing includes a cavity and the integrated circuit is disposed on a ceramic substrate. The sensor is disposed on the integrated circuit. The ceramic substrate includes one or more ports to expose the cavity to a surrounding environment, and each port includes at least two mesh layers.

A support for the heating elements of radiant coverings and floors includes bosses having a concave surface. In some examples, the concave surface includes at least one adhering low relief that creates an extraction-preventing undercut on the concave surface.

A support for the heating elements of radiant coverings and floors includes bosses having a concave surface. In some examples, the concave surface includes at least one adhering low relief that creates an extraction-preventing undercut on the concave surface.

A heater unit includes a heater 72 having first bend portions 95 (95a to 95d) and second bend portions 96 (96a to 96f). The first bend portions 95 are turns present in a maximum-temperature area (first area 90a) where the maximum temperature is reached during heating among areas 88 where the turns have a narrower pitch and having apexes facing each other in the short-length direction (left-right direction) of a ceramic substrate. The second bend portions 96 are turns present in areas 89 where the turns have a wider pitch and having apexes facing each other in the short-length direction. The distance X1 [mm] between the first bend portions 95 facing each other is larger than the distance X2 [mm] between the second bend portions 96 facing each other.

Electric, self-heating concrete systems that uses embedded carbon macrofiber or nanofibers paper as electric resistance heating elements are disclose. The self-heating concrete systems may utilize the conductive properties of carbon macrofiber or nanofiber materials to heat a surface overlay of concrete with various admixtures to improve the concrete's thermal conductivity. The self-heating concrete systems allow concrete roadways or the like to be heated to above freezing temperatures in a freezing environment in a reasonable amount of time.

An exemplary spraying atomizing device includes a housing, a liquid tank, a spraying device, a heating element, and a power supply. The housing defines an atomizing chamber. The liquid tank is configured for storing tobacco liquid. The spraying device is configured for spraying the tobacco liquid into the atomizing chamber in a form of liquid particles. The heating element is arranged in the atomizing chamber, and has a heating surface. The heating surface is configured for supporting and heating the liquid particles to form aerosol. The power supply is arranged in the housing, and is configured for feeding the heating element power.