A ceramic heater includes a ceramic plate in which inner circumferential side and outer circumferential side resistance heating elements are built in; and a cylindrical shaft joined to a rear surface of the ceramic plate. The long hole extends from a start point of the ceramic plate to a terminal position of the outer circumferential portion of the ceramic plate. The entrance portion of the long hole is a long groove. The long groove is provided to extend from the start point to an extended area. Terminals are provided at positions other than the long groove and in a shaft inside area.

A laminated glass according to the present invention includes: a first glass plate having a rectangular shape, and including a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a second glass plate arranged opposing the first glass plate, and having substantially the same shape as the shape of the first glass plate; an intermediate film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; a first bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the first side; a second bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the second side; and a plurality of heating lines extending so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar to each other, wherein at least some of the plurality of heating lines are heating lines having different lengths.

An assembly includes a movable door assembly and a heating element. The movable door assembly is configured to be disposed on an exterior of a vehicle. The heating element is coupled to the movable door assembly, and is configured to receive energy from a battery disposed on the vehicle and to heat at least a portion of the movable door assembly.

A heating element for use in an electronic vaporizer includes a heating element base formed from a solid porous material and having an internal face and external face, a heating circuit having first and second heating electrode connections and being encapsulated within the heating element base, the heating circuit including the first and second heating electrode connections being located in a first plane, and a temperature sensing circuit having first and second temperature electrode connections and being encapsulated within the heating element base, wherein the first and second temperature electrode connections being located in a second plane, the first and second planes being spaced apart a predefined distance and being parallel to the internal face and the external face, the heating element base including the four apertures through one of the sides of the heating element base, the four apertures being configured to receive electrical wires, wherein one of the first and second heating electrode connections and first and second temperature electrode connections are aligned and accessible via a first one of the four of apertures.

An electrical interconnect for use in connecting layers of a multi-layer heater includes a shaped body having a lower end portion and an upper end portion. The lower end portion has a smaller contact area than a contact area of the upper end portion, and the contact area of the lower end portion is proximate a heating layer and the contact area of the upper end portion is proximate a routing layer.

An electrical interconnect for use in connecting layers of a multi-layer heater includes a shaped body having a lower end portion and an upper end portion. The lower end portion has a smaller contact area than a contact area of the upper end portion, and the contact area of the lower end portion is proximate a heating layer and the contact area of the upper end portion is proximate a routing layer.

A radiating panel includes the following succession of layers: at least one supporting layer which is at least thermally insulating and constituted by a material chosen from extruded expanded polystyrene, sintered expanded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate; at least one heating layer which includes at least one electric heating element and a studded element with interspaces for laying at least one electric heating cable. The studded element has a shaped sheet element with studs extending in the opposite direction to that of the supporting layer.

The panel includes at least one finishing layer which is at least thermally conducting and made of a material chosen at least from ceramic and natural stone.

The panel also includes an adhesive between the heating and finishing layers, and the studded element is coupled to the supporting layer using one element chosen from glue, extruded adhesives, silicone glues, pressure-sensitive adhesive systems, and mechanical fixing elements.

A radiating panel includes the following succession of layers: at least one supporting layer which is at least thermally insulating and constituted by a material chosen from extruded expanded polystyrene, sintered expanded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate; at least one heating layer which includes at least one electric heating element and a studded element with interspaces for laying at least one electric heating cable. The studded element has a shaped sheet element with studs extending in the opposite direction to that of the supporting layer.

The panel includes at least one finishing layer which is at least thermally conducting and made of a material chosen at least from ceramic and natural stone.

The panel also includes an adhesive between the heating and finishing layers, and the studded element is coupled to the supporting layer using one element chosen from glue, extruded adhesives, silicone glues, pressure-sensitive adhesive systems, and mechanical fixing elements.

A defrosting system for defrosting an evaporator assembly is disclosed. The system includes the evaporator assembly, an electrically resistive coating having an electrically insulative matrix and a conductive doping agent disposed on at least one surface of the evaporator assembly, and a plurality of electrical terminals arranged and disposed to supply electricity to the electrically resistive coating. A method for defrosting an evaporator assembly and a coating for heating evaporator assemblies are also disclosed.

An electric cooking appliance includes a glass-ceramic substrate having a top surface for supporting cookware for heating thereon, and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The electric cooking appliance includes a plurality of thermoresistive heating elements disposed and spaced apart on the bottom surface of the glass-ceramic substrate, with each of the plurality of thermoresistive heating elements including graphene nanoparticles embedded in a ceramic matrix for generating heat upon application of electric current to the respective thermoresistive heating element. Each thermoresistive heating element is electrically connected to a power supply such that one or more of the plurality of thermoresistive heating elements are selectively activated to receive electric current to heat localized areas of the glass-ceramic substrate.