A system (10) and method for transferring energy utilises an evacuated recirculation duct (11), with a pump (20) to circulate gas and a control nozzle (22) to form a jet of gas. Hydrogen gas is provided into the duct to be circulated, and an electrical device (30, 32) provides energy into the jet of gas so as to form hydrogen atoms. A heat exchanger (44) is arranged downstream of the electrical device (30, 32), onto which the flowing jet of gas impacts. Means (40) are also provided to generate an electric or magnetic field in the region of the jet of gas between the electrical device (30, 32) and the heat exchanger (44), and is connected to a source (42) of electricity. For example an electromagnet coil (40) and may generate a magnetic field (B) transverse to the direction of travel of the jet of gas, or an electromagnet coil (40A, 40B) may generate a magnetic field parallel to the jet of gas.

A carbon-containing nipple has a nipple thread for carbon-containing electrodes. The nipple has an inlet formed in the nipple thread and the inlet is suitable for receiving an adhesive container filled with a curable adhesive. Preferably, the inlet is a groove which runs through the nipple thread in a transverse manner and is undercut at least in sections. A nipple kit contains such a nipple and the adhesive container containing the adhesive for securing a nipple/electrode connection, wherein the adhesive container is disposed in the inlet. The nipple kit can be used in conjunction with a carbon-containing electrode for use in arc furnaces.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

A hydrogen jet system includes an evacuated recirculation duct, with a pump to circulate gas around the recirculation duct and a control nozzle to form a jet of gas; means to provide hydrogen gas into the duct; and an electrical device to provide energy into the jet of gas so as to form hydrogen atoms. The jet of gas is arranged to pass through a hollow electrode shell defining opposed apertures that are aligned with the jet of gas; and a target electrode is arranged beyond the electrode shell and also aligned with the jet of gas, so that hydrogen atoms would impact with the target electrode. The electrode shell and the target electrode are each connected to an external electrical terminal. The electrode shell and the target electrode may each define heat exchange channels to remove heat energy during operation.

A hydrogen jet system includes an evacuated recirculation duct, with a pump to circulate gas around the recirculation duct and a control nozzle to form a jet of gas; means to provide hydrogen gas into the duct; and an electrical device to provide energy into the jet of gas so as to form hydrogen atoms. The jet of gas is arranged to pass through a hollow electrode shell defining opposed apertures that are aligned with the jet of gas; and a target electrode is arranged beyond the electrode shell and also aligned with the jet of gas, so that hydrogen atoms would impact with the target electrode. The electrode shell and the target electrode are each connected to an external electrical terminal. The electrode shell and the target electrode may each define heat exchange channels to remove heat energy during operation.

A system (10) and method for transferring energy utilises an evacuated recirculation duct (11), with a pump (20) to circulate gas and a control nozzle (22) to form a jet of gas. Hydrogen gas is provided into the duct to be circulated, and an electrical device (30, 32) provides energy into the jet of gas so as to form hydrogen atoms. A heat exchanger (44) is arranged downstream of the electrical device (30, 32), onto which the flowing jet of gas impacts. Means (40) are also provided to generate an electric or magnetic field in the region of the jet of gas between the electrical device (30, 32) and the heat exchanger (44), and is connected to a source (42) of electricity. For example, an electromagnet coil (40) and may generate a magnetic field (B) transverse to the direction of travel of the jet of gas, or an electromagnet coil (40A, 40B) may generate a magnetic field parallel to the jet of gas.

A system (10) and method for transferring energy utilises an evacuated recirculation duct (11), with a pump (20) to circulate gas and a control nozzle (22) to form a jet of gas. Hydrogen gas is provided into the duct to be circulated, and an electrical device (30, 32) provides energy into the jet of gas so as to form hydrogen atoms. A heat exchanger (44) is arranged downstream of the electrical device (30, 32), onto which the flowing jet of gas impacts. Means (40) are also provided to generate an electric or magnetic field in the region of the jet of gas between the electrical device (30, 32) and the heat exchanger (44), and is connected to a source (42) of electricity. For example, an electromagnet coil (40) and may generate a magnetic field (B) transverse to the direction of travel of the jet of gas, or an electromagnet coil (40A, 40B) may generate a magnetic field parallel to the jet of gas.

The invention relates to a system and method for bottom electrode compound bottom blowing of multi-media of DC electric arc furnace, which belongs to the field of steelmaking technology. The system includes a plurality of bottom electrodes located at the bottom of furnace, wherein some of the bottom electrodes are bottom blowing electrodes with hollow structures, and some of the bottom blowing electrodes are at least one type of Type I bottom electrode, Type II bottom electrode and Type III bottom electrode; the Type I bottom electrode is used to blow carbonaceous materials into the molten pool to carburize the molten pool to accelerate scrap melting; the Type II bottom electrode is used to blow slagging powder into the molten pool to form molten slag particles in the molten metal to increase the gas-slag-gold three-phase reaction interface area during the dephosphorization reaction; the Type III bottom electrode is used to blow gas into the molten pool to accelerate mass transfer in the molten pool; the system also includes a control unit connected to the bottom blowing electrode to realize online adjustment of the blowing parameters in combination with the power supply intensity of the bottom blowing electrode during the smelting process. The invention can improve production efficiency and reduce consumption of raw and auxiliary materials.

The invention relates to a system and method for bottom electrode compound bottom blowing of multi-media of DC electric arc furnace, which belongs to the field of steelmaking technology. The system includes a plurality of bottom electrodes located at the bottom of furnace, wherein some of the bottom electrodes are bottom blowing electrodes with hollow structures, and some of the bottom blowing electrodes are at least one type of Type I bottom electrode, Type II bottom electrode and Type III bottom electrode; the Type I bottom electrode is used to blow carbonaceous materials into the molten pool to carburize the molten pool to accelerate scrap melting; the Type II bottom electrode is used to blow slagging powder into the molten pool to form molten slag particles in the molten metal to increase the gas-slag-gold three-phase reaction interface area during the dephosphorization reaction; the Type III bottom electrode is used to blow gas into the molten pool to accelerate mass transfer in the molten pool; the system also includes a control unit connected to the bottom blowing electrode to realize online adjustment of the blowing parameters in combination with the power supply intensity of the bottom blowing electrode during the smelting process. The invention can improve production efficiency and reduce consumption of raw and auxiliary materials.