An electrical apparatus includes an electrical device that generates heat and a fan unit. A case of the electrical device includes a first opening and a second opening. A case of the fan unit includes a third opening and a fourth opening. The case of the electrical device and the case of the fan unit are configured such that a space sandwiched between a recess of the case of the electrical device and the support rail and a space sandwiched between a recess of the case of the fan unit and the support rail constitute an air flow path.

An I/O system having redundant removable and/or replaceable components. Each of the removable/replaceable components can be removed by displacement parallel to a common axis. An I/O device having an I/O base with a lock-out toggle to prevent installation of one or more I/O modules to the I/O base unless a ground screw has been secured to supporting structure.

A field device for automation technology is accommodated in a housing which is produced from a polygonal profile and, for its part, is closed by a base plate and a cover plate. A base module is connected to the base plate, the base module being provided in a manner designed in the same way in all devices of a field bus, in order to manage the tasks of voltage supply and network connection. A functional module, which is optionally connected to the cover plate, provides the field device with one or more specific functionalities, and therefore configures the field device in a specific direction. This results in a unit of modular construction which, together with other identical field devices of different configuration, can be joined in accordance with the construction kit principle to form an automation system.

An instrument panel includes a frame defining an opening, a plurality of cards, and an HMI. The cards have a front face, a rear face, one or more circuits, and a data interface on the rear face in communication with the circuits. The cards include one or more first cards and one or more second cards. The first cards front face have a vertical dimension approximately equal to a vertical dimension of the opening. The second cards have a body, a nose projecting from the body defining the second cards front face, and a recess between the nose and body. The HMI includes a front face received within the opening. The first cards are positioned with the front face visible within the opening. The second cards are positioned with the nose visible within the opening and a depth of the HMI received within the recess.

Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to a building automation controller and related method and storage medium including a processor configured, through at least execution of a distributed computer program, to: receive sensor data generated by a sensor, wherein the sensor data is indicative of a state of a defined space, identify an action to be performed by a device to affect the state in accordance with an operating characteristic for the defined space, determine that the device is attached to a second controller of a plurality of additional controllers, and transmit to the second controller, an indication that the action is to be performed by the device, wherein: the distributed computer program is configured to be distributed among the processor and the plurality of additional controllers and, the processor is further configured to apportion work to be performed by the computer program between at least the additional controllers.

An electronics module includes a housing with: (i) a forced convection chamber including an internal forced convection space; and, (ii) a passive chamber including an internal passive space that is separated from the forced convection space. At least one fan is connected to the housing and adapted to induce forced convection airflow in the forced convection space. A heat sink is connected to the housing and includes: (i) a heat input portion exposed to the passive space; and, (ii) a heat output portion exposed to the forced convection space. A circuit board assembly is located in the passive space and includes at least one electronic component that is thermally engaged with the heat input portion of the heat sink. A clamping plate is secured to the heat sink and captures the circuit board to the heat sink. The circuit board is isolated from the fan-induced forced convection airflow.

An industrial automation controller includes a housing with a forced convection chamber. First and second fans are releasably connected to the housing and are adapted to induce airflow through the forced convection chamber. The first and second fans are each connected to the housing by respective first and second latch systems that each include a primary latch and a secondary latch. The secondary latch imposes a time delay during removal and replacement of a fan to facilitate hot swapping of the fan with a replacement fan. A make-last/break-first contact system is provided for each fan such that the fan is shutdown in a controlled manner prior to removal of the fan from the housing. The controller monitors internal temperature and fan speed. The controller initiates, logs, and reports fault conditions based upon the monitored temperature and/or fan speed. The controller is shut down if the monitored temperature exceeds a select temperature level.

A switch gear module for installation in a switch gear cabinet includes: a switch gear module housing, the housing including power circuits and first electrical power devices including breakers, contactors, and motor circuit breakers for supplying electric power to an electric load including an electric motor, and electric control circuits and auxiliary circuits controlling the first electrical power devices. The power circuits and the first electrical power devices are contained in a first power-unit housing forming a first functional power-unit and the electric control circuits and auxiliary circuits are contained in a separate second control- and auxiliary circuit housing forming a second functional control- and auxiliary circuit unit. Each of the first functional power-unit and the second functional control and auxiliary circuit unit includes an interface for connecting the power circuits and electrical power devices contained in the first power-unit housing.

A modular I/O device includes a terminal base with a terminal block that includes a plurality of wiring connectors. An auxiliary wiring device includes a plurality of auxiliary wiring connectors and is selectively physically connectable to the terminal base in an operative position and selectively physically removable from the terminal base. The terminal block and auxiliary wiring connector can be coupled to an I/O module. One or more of the I/O module terminal block and auxiliary wiring connector can include electrical or electronic components included converters, fuses, switches, etc.

Tools and techniques are described to automate line testing when wiring devices (such as equipment and sensors) to controllers. Controllers have access to databases of the devices that are controlled by them, including wiring diagrams and protocols, such that the controller can automatically check that each wire responds correctly to stimulus from the controller. After testing, a reporting device rapidly shows the results of the line testing.