A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a first thermal stage configured to be cooled to a first temperature, a second thermal stage configured to be cooled to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and a vacuum chamber housing the first thermal stage and the second thermal stage. The dilution refrigerator also includes a first suspension system configured to suspend the first thermal stage from the vacuum chamber, and a second suspension system configured to suspend the second thermal stage from the vacuum chamber independently from the first thermal stage.

A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a .sup.3He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermal stages configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures. A coldest thermal stage of the plurality of thermal stages is disposed above warmer thermal stages of the plurality of thermal stages such that the coldest thermal stage is positioned furthest from a floor supporting the dilution refrigerator.

A liquid-submersible thermal management system includes a shell, a heat-generating component, a working fluid, and at least one heat-dispersing element. The shell defines an immersion chamber where the heat-generating component is located in the immersion chamber. The working fluid is positioned in the immersion chamber and at least partially surrounds the heat-generating component so the working fluid receives heat from the heat-generating component. The at least one heat-dispersing element is positioned on exterior surface of the shell to conduct heat from the shell into the heat-dispersing element.

A system provides cooling to an infrastructure having heat-generating units. Internal cooling units are thermally connected to the heat-generating units. An external cooling unit dissipates thermal energy of a heat-transfer fluid circulating in the internal cooling units. A cooling circuit connects the internal and external cooling units. A pump maintains a flow of the heat-transfer fluid for transferring thermal energy from the heat generating units to the external cooling unit. A reservoir thermally connected to the cooling circuit contains a phase change material (PCM) changing between solid and liquid states according to a temperature of the heat-transfer fluid. Thermal energy is transferred between the cooling circuit and the PCM depending on whether a temperature of the heat-transfer fluid is above or below a phase-change temperature value of the PCM. A supplemental cooling device thermally connected to the reservoir dissipates heat from the reservoir to the atmosphere.

An immersion cooling system includes a housing having an interior space; a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid liquid. The working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA) Each R.sub.f.sup.1 and R.sub.f.sup.2 is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N.

Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

A cooling device comprises a first casing for direct mounting on a heat-generating component and a second casing mounted on the first casing. One casing includes an internal channel connected to a cold inlet and to a hot outlet allowing a heat-transfer fluid to flow in the internal channel. The other casing includes a storage containing a phase change material (PCM) changing from a solid state to a liquid state to transfer thermal energy from the heat-generating unit to the PCM, the PCM changing from the liquid state to the solid state to transfer thermal energy from the PCM to the heat-transfer fluid. The cooling device may be integrated in a cooling circuit of a cooling system including an external cooling unit, or in a closed loop cooling circuit of a cooling arrangement that transfers heat from the closed loop to an open loop.

In one embodiment, a cooling system for buffering cooling capacity variations and heat load variations includes a buffering unit with a fluid container and a gas container; and a multi-way valve positioned between a fluid inlet and the buffering unit. The multi-way valve can operate to form multiple fluid loops, which include a fluid loop through the fluid container. When the cooling system in an under-provision period, the buffering unit can store a portion of fluid to the fluid container. When the cooling system is in an over-provision period, fluid stored in an under-provision period can be discharged from the fluid container due to gas pressure in the gas container reaching a threshold.

A system includes at least one storage tank configured to store at least one of first compressed air or liquid air. The system also includes a power supply system comprising a turbine, a generator, and a flywheel. The power supply system is configured to receive second compressed air from the at least one storage tank, wherein the second compressed air comprises either the first compressed air or the liquid air which has been heated into a gaseous state; spin the turbine and the flywheel using the second compressed air, wherein the spinning of the turbine generates electrical energy at the generator; provide the electrical energy to a data center for powering electronic devices of the data center; and provide at least a portion of the second compressed air exhausted by the turbine to the data center for cooling the electronic devices of the data center.