The invention provides a hydrogel network comprising a plurality of hydrogel objects, wherein each of said hydrogel objects comprises: a hydrogel body, and an outer layer of amphipathic molecules, on at least part of the surface of the hydrogel body, wherein each of said hydrogel objects contacts another of said hydrogel objects to form an interface between the contacting hydrogel objects. A process for producing the hydrogel networks is also provided. The invention also provides an electrochemical circuit and a hydrogel component for mechanical devices comprising a hydrogel network. Various uses of the hydrogel network are also described, including their use in synthetic biology and as components in electrochemical circuits and mechanical devices.

An LED lighting apparatus is disclosed. The LED lighting apparatus includes a substrate having a first surface; at least one connection body formed by LED chips arranged side by side in a first direction over the first surface of the substrate; and a circular protruding portion, arranged over the first surface of the substrate, surrounding the plurality of LED chips. The LED lighting apparatus further includes a first wiring pattern, arranged over the first surface of the substrate; and a second wiring pattern, arranged over the first surface of the substrate and spaced apart from the first wiring pattern.

A method for manufacturing a flexible printed circuit board in which base sheets composed of Teflon film having heat resistance and low dielectric constant are stacked to prevent loss of a high frequency signal while minimizing dielectric loss due to the high frequency signal and a flexible printed circuit board manufactured by the same are disclosed. The proposed method for manufacturing a flexible printed circuit board comprises a step of preparing a base sheet which is a Teflon film having a thin film pattern formed on one surface thereof, a step of preparing an adhesive sheet, a step of stacking a plurality of base sheets and adhesive sheets, and a step of heating, pressing, and adhering a stacked body in which the plurality of base sheets and adhesive sheets are stacked.

An improved insulation protection structure comprises a sensor film, a chip outline, a protective film, and an insulating cement layer. The chip outline is on the sensor film, the protective film is on the chip outline, the insulating cement layer is between the chip outline and the protective film. The insulating cement layer comprises at least one surface facing inward the chip outline, retracted toward the direction of the chip outline and forms a retracted region along at least one side of the sensor film. Area of the proposed retracted region is preferably no more than 20% of that of the total insulating cement layer, and the conventional issues such as sulphide corrosion are solved. The proposed insulating cement layer can be cured merely at room temperature, and widely used for adhesive materials including both a gel and film, thus characterized by wider application range and better industrial applicability.

A method for manufacturing a flexible printed circuit board in which base sheets composed of Teflon film having heat resistance and low dielectric constant are stacked to prevent loss of a high frequency signal while minimizing dielectric loss due to the high frequency signal and a flexible printed circuit board manufactured by the same are disclosed. The proposed method for manufacturing a flexible printed circuit board comprises a step of preparing a base sheet which is a Teflon film having a thin film pattern formed on one surface thereof, a step of preparing an adhesive sheet, a step of stacking a plurality of base sheets and adhesive sheets, and a step of heating, pressing, and adhering a stacked body in which the plurality of base sheets and adhesive sheets are stacked.

A novel polymer containing silphenylene and polyether structures in the backbone is used to formulate a photosensitive composition having improved reliability.

A copper precursor composition contains: a first copper complex of an imine or a first cyclic amine coordinated to a first copper precursor compound; and, a second copper complex of a primary amine or a second cyclic amine coordinated to a second copper precursor compound. A copper precursor composition contains a copper complex of an imine coordinated to a copper precursor compound. The copper precursor composition is thermally degradable at a temperature lower than a comparable composition containing only primary amine copper complexes under otherwise the same conditions to produce a metallic copper film having a resistivity of about 200 -cm or less. Inks containing the copper precursor composition and a solvent may be deposited on a substrate and sintered to produce a metallic copper film. The substrate with the film thereon is useful in electronic devices.

The disclosure describes a soft-matter electronic device having micron-scale features, and methods to fabricate the electronic device. In some embodiments, the device comprises an elastomer mold having microchannels, which are filled with an eutectic alloy to create an electrically conductive element. The microchannels are sealed with a polymer to prevent the alloy from escaping the microchannels. In some embodiments, the alloy is drawn into the microchannels using a micro-transfer printing technique. Additionally, the molds can be created using soft-lithography or other fabrication techniques. The method described herein allows creation of micron-scale circuit features with a line width and spacing that is an order-of-magnitude smaller than those previously demonstrated.

A printed circuit board assembly of an implantable medical device comprises a printed circuit board and a sensor device that is arranged at the printed circuit board and joined to the printed circuit board by way of an adhesive layer. It is provided in the process that the adhesive layer is formed of an adhesive compound in which glass spheres are embedded. In this way, a printed circuit board assembly is provided which, in a simple, inexpensive manner, allows a sensor device to be joined to a printed circuit board for installation in a medical device, with advantageous mechanical decoupling and improved process reliability.

A partially molded substrate and a partial molding apparatus and a method thereof, which cover and mold each of one or more conductors formed on the substrate with the insulator to prevent the sizes of the substrate from being increased due to molding, thereby efficiently preventing high voltage between the conductors on the substrate from being applied, and thereby preventing interference around the conductor.