Apparatus for controlling motion of liquid droplets. A set of electrode pads is arranged to define one or more tracks over which liquid droplets may be induced to move over a sequence of 5 the electrode pads. A surface over the electrode pads is dielectric, smooth, and slippery to the droplets. In some cases, the smooth surface is formed as a thin layer of a second liquid that is immiscible with the liquid of the droplets. The surface has wetting affinity to the liquid that can be individually varied in a controlled manner by application of voltage to respective electrode pads. A control is designed to alter the wetting characteristic of varying-wettability portions of 10 the surface over respective electrode pads to effect induced motion of the droplets over the surface. The apparatus is designed with the smooth hydrophobic surface open, with no overlying or facing electrode or plate above the droplets.

An apparatus configured to manufacture an article using a photoresist comprising photoresist material, the apparatus comprising: a. a housing configured to receive the photoresist and locate the photoresist in at least one operational position in the housing; b. an exposure system configured to emit radiation which is incident on the photoresist material when in the operational position, to induce a change in one or more properties of the area(s) of the photoresist material exposed to the radiation; and c. a heater configured to heat the photoresist material to cure the photoresist material to the substrate when the photoresist is in the operational position, or is in a different operational position in the housing; wherein d. the housing is radiation excluding such that external radiation cannot enter the housing at least to the extent that the external radiation is sufficiently excluded from the housing to prevent, or minimise polymerisation of the photoresist material, and further wherein the housing is a clean housing configured to prevent unwanted contamination from entering the housing, at least when the photoresist is located in the or each operational position.

The apparatus may be a floor standing or desktop apparatus, for producing single or multi-layered articles.

A transparent conductor is provided, including a visible light transparent substrate and metal traces disposed on the substrate, and a layer of a second metal deposited on at least a portion of the metal traces. The transparent conductor further includes a layer of a second metal, which conforms to the surface structure of the metal traces on which it is deposited. Optionally, the transparent conductor also includes a coating layer disposed on a portion of the metal traces and the substrate surface. The coating layer includes a polymer prepared from a polymerizable composition containing at least one ionic liquid monomer. A method of forming a transparent conductor is also provided, including obtaining a visible light transparent substrate having metal traces disposed on the substrate and applying a coating composition on a portion of the metal traces and substrate. The coating composition contains at least one noble metal salt and at least one polymerizable ionic liquid monomer.

A printed wiring board has conductor patterns (12) having a thickness (t1) of 50 m or more on an insulating substrate (11). An insulating layer (5) is provided in regions (L) on the conductor patterns and on the insulating substrate in regions (S) between the conductor patterns. A thickness (t.sub.L) of the insulating layer on the conductor patterns is preferably 0.1-1 times the conductor thickness (t.sub.1). The insulating layer is formed on the conductor patterns and on the insulating substrate between the conductor patterns by printing a resin composition using screen printing and then curing the resin composition. The resin composition has a viscosity of 50-300 P at 25 C. and a thixotropic index of 1.1-3.5. A screen printing plate used for screen printing has a mesh thickness of 2.2 or more times a yarn diameter of yarns.

Conductive adhesive compositions, jettable ink adhesive compositions, printed electronics incorporating the conductive adhesive compositions, and methods for preparing the same are provided. The conductive adhesive composition may include a eutectic metal alloy, an amine, and a solvent, and the eutectic metal alloy may include gallium, indium, and optionally tin.

This application relates to an assembly technique for joining parts using a magnetic adhesive. A liquid adhesive including magnetic particles is provided, the liquid adhesive having sufficient properties that allow the adhesive to flow under the influence of a magnetic field prior to curing. A method for joining parts includes the steps of applying an adhesive to a substrate at a location corresponding to the joint, placing a magnetic element proximate the joint to generate a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic particles in the adhesive to cause the adhesive to flow in a direction corresponding to the magnetic field, and curing the magnetic adhesive under the influence of the magnetic field. An assembly fixture for joining parts includes a magnetic element and, optionally, an inductive heating element. The assembly technique can be used to form a housing of an electronic device from two or more components.

A display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display apparatus includes a printed circuit board on which a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is mounted; a frame configured to support the printed circuit board, and including a frame hole passing through the frame; a chassis coupled to the frame, and including a chassis hole configured to correspond to the frame hole; and a bonding member positioned between the printed circuit board and the frame, through the frame hole and the chassis hole, the bonding member configured to bond the frame to the printed circuit board.

A method includes the following steps: S1, providing the insulating layer having an inclined face; S4, disposing a photomask so that in the photoresist, first and second exposure portions are exposed to light, and exposing the photoresist is to light through the photomask; S5, removing the first and the second exposure portions of the photoresist. On the assumption that in S4, light reflected at the metal thin film is focused between the first and the second exposure portions of the photoresist, the inclined face has a bending portion bending in one direction, the portion removed in S5 in the photoresist due to light focus being continuous with the first and the second exposure portions. The second exposure portion includes continuously an avoidance portion that avoids the bending portion and an overlapping portion that overlaps with at least a portion other than the bending portion in the inclined face.

A multi-layered structure is provided, which includes a carrier and a resin coating on the carrier, wherein the resin coating is formed by magnetically aligning and drying a resin composition. The resin composition includes 1 part by weight of (a) crosslinkable monomer with a biphenyl group, 1.0 to 20.0 parts by weight of (b) polyphenylene oxide, 0.1 to 10.0 parts by weight of (c) hardener, and 0.1 to 80.0 parts by weight of (d) magnetic filler. (d) Magnetic filler is boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, carbon nitride, octahedral carbon, or a combination thereof, with a surface modified by iron-containing oxide. (d) Magnetic filler is sheet-shaped or needle-shaped.

A method of manufacturing a System in Package (SiP) module includes: welding required electronic units by the SiP module onto a top surface of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), with welding spots being reserved on a bottom surface of the PCB for obtaining a PCB assembly (PCBA) of the SiP module; pasting tightly a functional film on a surface of the electronic units of the PCBA; filling on plastic materials on the top surface of the PCBA, ensuring that the plastic materials covers the electronic units and the functional film on the top surface of the PCBA, and obtaining solidified PCBA after the plastic materials are solidified; and cutting the solidified PCBA for obtaining a plurality of the SiP modules.