A hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided. The hybrid organic-inorganic thin film comprising: an organic-phase comprising a porous organic nanostructure comprised of an interpenetrating network having at least one dimension between 0.1 and 100 nm; and an inorganic phase at least partially distributed within the porosity of the organic phase. In a first aspect, the organic phase has a first band gap and the inorganic phase has a second band gap different from the first band gap. A method of producing an organic-inorganic energy harvesting device and a device therefrom comprising the hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided.

An organic-inorganic complex solar cell including a first electrode, a first common layer provided on the first electrode, a light absorbing layer provided on the first common layer and including a compound having a perovskite structure, a second common layer provided on the light absorbing layer, a third common layer provided on the second common layer, and a second electrode provided on the third common layer, in which the first common layer includes a first metal oxide nanoparticle, the second common layer includes a second metal oxide nanoparticle, and the third common layer includes a fullerene derivative.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising: a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and a liquor. The present invention also relates to methods of using the compositions.

The present invention relates to a conductive polymer, the organic photovoltaic cell comprising the same, and the synthesis method of the same. The novel polymer, according to the present invention, displays more excellent optical properties and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than the conventional RRa (regiorandom) polymer due to its symmetrical structure of quaterthiophene and benzothiadiazole substituted with fluorine.

The present specification relates to an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell including a first electrode, a first light absorbing layer provided on the first electrode, a second light absorbing layer provided on the first light absorbing layer, and a second electrode provided on the second light absorbing layer, in which the first light absorbing layer and the second light absorbing layer have different phase transition temperatures.

The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module including: a light-transparent substrate, a plurality of solar cells, a plurality of insulating units, and a plurality of connecting units. Each solar cell is constituted by a transparent conductive layer, a first carrier conducting layer, a perovskite layer, and a second carrier conducting layer. By changing the ratio of area where the light is harvested for the perovskite layer, the photon absorption in the present invention therefore increases. Additionally, by changing the relevant position of the transparent conductive layer and the first carrier conducting layer, it renders the side surface of the transparent conductive layer be entirely covered by the first carrier conducting layer; thus, the usage of carriers is enhanced. The above two adoptions further enhance the efficiency of the module. Moreover, the insulating units are in the structure of distributed Bragg reflection and therefore can increase the photon absorption efficiency of the perovskite layer. Last but not least, the present invention further accomplishes the goal to manufacture a large-area perovskite solar cell module in order to meet the commercial demand.

A process of forming a photoactive layer of a planar perovskite photoactive device comprising: applying at least one layer of a first precursor solution to a substrate to form a first precursor coating on at least one surface of the substrate, the first precursor solution comprising MX.sub.2 and AX dissolved in a first coating solvent, wherein the molar ratio of MX.sub.2:AX=1:n with 0<n<1; and applying a second precursor solution to the first precursor coating to convert the first precursor coating to a perovskite layer AMX.sub.3, the second precursor solution comprising AX dissolved in a second coating solvent, the first precursor solution reacting with the second precursor solution to form a perovskite layer AMX.sub.3 on the substrate, wherein A comprises an ammonium group or other nitrogen containing organic cation, M is selected from Pb, Sn, Ge, Ca, Sr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ba, Si, Ti, Bi, or In, X is selected from at least one of F, Cl, Br or I.

The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic device and a method for forming the photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic device comprises a first solar cell structure having a photon absorbing layer comprising an organic material having a first bandgap; and a second solar cell structure having a photon absorbing layer comprising a material that has a Perovskite structure and having a second bandgap. The first and second solar cell structures are positioned at least partially onto each other.

A thin film of metal oxide includes zinc (Zn); tin (Sn); silicon (Si); and oxygen (O). In terms of oxide, based on 100 mol % of total of oxides of the thin film, SnO.sub.2 is greater than 15 mol % but less than or equal to 95 mol %.

Provided are a solar cell that can be manufactured by non-vacuum process and can have more excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and a manufacturing method therefor as well as such a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method therefor. A solar cell, includes at least a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer. The first semiconductor layer includes metal oxide particles of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less in average particle size and a compound having relative permittivity of 2 or more and 1,000 or less. For instance, the content of the organic compound in the first semiconductor layer is 10 mass % or more and 90 mass % or less.