A display substrate includes: a backplane; a first electrode layer disposed on a side of the backplane; and a light-emitting layer disposed on a side of the first electrode layer away from the backplane. The light-emitting layer includes nanoparticles and a product that is obtained by an electrochemical reaction of electrochemically active groups contained in first organic ligands coordinated to the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are cross-linked together through the product.

Provided is an organometallic complex including a ligand L.sub.A having a structure represented by one of the following formulas ##STR00001##
and coordiated to Ir.

Disclosed are a compound for an organic optoelectronic device, an organic light emitting diode including the same, and a display device including the organic light emitting diode. The compound for an organic optoelectronic device represented by a combination of the following Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 provides an organic light emitting diode having life-span characteristics due to excellent electrochemical and thermal stability, and high luminous efficiency at a low driving voltage.

The present application relates to spirobifluorene derivatives of a formula (I), to the use thereof in electronic devices, and to processes for preparing said derivatives.

The present disclosure provides a composition. In an embodiment, a composition is provided and comprises a Compound 1 shown below: For Compound 1, R.sub.1 through R.sub.24 are the same or different. R.sub.1 through R.sub.24 each is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, cyano, alkoxy, aryloxy, and NR′.sub.2. R′ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; wherein two or more of adjacent R.sub.1 to R.sub.24 may optionally form one or more ring structures. The Component Z is selected from the group consisting Group Z-1, Group Z-2, Group Z-3, Group Z-4, Group Z-5, Group Z-6 and Group Z-7 shown below: For Compound 1, one or more hydrogen atoms may optionally be substituted with deuterium.

##STR00001##

Organic compounds suitable for organic layers of electronic devices that show reduced driving voltage, increased luminous efficiency and/or increased power efficiency.

The present invention relates to a novel anthracene derivative, for an organic light-emitting device, and an organic light-emitting device comprising same, the anthracene derivative enabling excellent device characteristics when used as a light-emitting material.

The present invention relates to: a compound for an organic optoelectronic diode, represented by a combination of chemical formulas 1 and 2; an organic optoelectronic diode comprising the same; and a display device comprising the organic optoelectronic diode. The detailed contents of formulas 1 and 2 are the same as those defined in the specification.

The present specification provides a compound having a spiro structure, and an organic light emitting device including the same.

Provided are an organic electronic element comprising an anode, a cathode, and an organic material layer between the anode and the cathode, and an electronic device comprising the organic electronic element, wherein the organic material layer includes a compound of P-1 to P-16 and Formula 2, therefore the driving voltage of the organic electronic element can be lowered and the luminous efficiency and lifespan can be improved.