A bi-directional optical module includes a substrate, at least one first light-emitting diode (LED), and at least one second LED. The first LED is disposed on a surface of the substrate. The first LED has a first reflection surface and a first light-outlet surface that are opposite to each other, and the first light-outlet surface is away from the substrate relative to the first reflection surface. The second LED is disposed on the same surface of the substrate. The second LED has a second reflection surface and a second light-outlet surface that are opposite to each other, and the second light-outlet surface is close to the substrate relative to the second reflection surface. The substrate has at least one light-transparent area that is not occupied by the first LED and the second LED.

A pixel arrangement structure may include a plurality of repeating units (100). Each of the plurality of the repeating units (100) may include a first sub-pixel (01) being at a center point of a virtual hexagon and second sub-pixels (02) and third sub-pixels (03) being alternately arranged at vertices of the virtual hexagon. Virtual hexagons of adjacent repeating units may share one common side as well as two sub-pixels on the common side.

A display panel includes: a base substrate, light-emitting devices on the base substrate, and barrier structures. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode arranged in a stacked manner, and a light-emitting functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The barrier structures are located on a film layer between the light-emitting functional layer and the base substrate. The orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the base substrate is between the orthographic projections of adjacent light-emitting devices on the base substrate. The barrier structure is configured to generate, under the control of an electrical signal, an electric field in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the base substrate is located.

Provided in the present disclosure are a light-emitting device, a display apparatus having the same, and a lighting apparatus. The light-emitting device includes a light-emitting unit disposed in a sub-region. The light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting functional layer, a light extraction functional layer and a part of a light transmissive substrate, which are disposed in a stacked manner. The light extraction functional layer is located on a light-exiting side of the light-emitting functional layer. A straight line segment that passes through geometric center of a light-exiting surface of each light-emitting unit and whose two ends are respectively connected with edge line of the light-exiting surface is defined as a first straight line segment, and the shortest length of the first straight line segment is defined as W. In a direction perpendicular to the light transmissive substrate, a thickness of the light-emitting unit without reflective electrode is T.

The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus using, for example, a micro light emitting diode (LED), and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the apparatus and method can be applied to a technical field related to display apparatuses. According to the present disclosure, a display apparatus using a light-emitting device comprises: a first electrode which is divided into a plurality of segments; a common second electrode located on the first electrode; and a plurality of sub pixels electrically connected between the first electrode segments and the second electrode and forming individual pixels, wherein the sub pixels may include a first sub pixel which emits light of a first color and includes an organic light-emitting device, a second sub pixel which emits light of a second color and includes an organic light-emitting device, a third sub pixel which emits light of a third color and includes an inorganic light-emitting device, and a fourth sub pixel which includes an organic light-emitting device for emitting light which is a mixture of the light of the first to third colors.

A first connection wire electrically connected to a first electrode via a first through-hole formed in a second flattening film, and a second connection wire electrically connected to the first connection wire via a second through-hole formed in a first flattening film are provided, and a second interlayer insulating film has a contact opening so as to pass through the second interlayer insulating film to overlap the first connection wire, and such that the edge of the contact opening surrounds the first through-hole and the second through-hole in a plan view.

The present disclosure relates to a display device comprising a spacer and a manufacturing method thereof. The display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a thin film transistor disposed on a substrate, a bank disposed on the thin film transistor, and a spacer structure assembly including at least two spacers disposed on the bank. A first separation distance between a first separator and a second separator, among the spacers, at a first area of the display device is different from a second separation distance between the first separator and the second separator at a second area of the display device.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a substrate, sub-pixels located on a side of the substrate and including light-modulating sub-pixels and non-light-modulating sub-pixels, and light-modulating structures located on sides of the sub-pixels facing away from the substrate. The light-modulating structure includes light-extracting portions and a high refractive index layer. A first distance L1 between the light-extracting portion and the light-modulating sub-pixel closest to the light-extracting portion and a second distance L2 between the light-extracting portion and the non-light-modulating sub-pixel closest to the light-extracting portion satisfy L1<L2. The high refractive index layer is located on sides of the light-extracting portions facing away from the substrate and covers the sub-pixels and the light-extracting portions, and the high refractive index layer has a greater refractive index than that of the light-extracting portion.

The present disclosure provides a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate includes: a driver chip, a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the driver chip is located in the peripheral area, the driver chip is close to a first side of the display area; the display substrate further includes: a cathode layer extending from the display area to the peripheral area; a cathode auxiliary layer extending from the display area to the peripheral area, and the cathode auxiliary layer is coupled to the cathode layer in the display area; a power line layer located in the peripheral area, the power line layer includes a first power line pattern, and the first power line pattern is close to the first side of the display area; the first power line pattern is coupled to the cathode auxiliary layer.

A display device includes pixels each including a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel. Each of the pixels includes a bank disposed on a substrate, wherein the bank includes a first opening defining a light-emitting area of the first sub-pixel, a second opening defining a light-emitting area of the second sub-pixel, and a third opening defining a light-emitting area of the third sub-pixel, and a spacer being disposed on the bank and surrounding the third opening. Spacers in adjacent pixels have different shapes from each other.