A compound of formula (I): (Core)n-(X)m wherein Core is a core group; n is 0 and m is 1, or n is 1 and m is at least 1; and X is a group of formula (II): wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each a substituent; one of R.sup.1-R.sup.5 is a direct bond or divalent linking group linking the group of formula (II) to Core in the case where n is 1; x and y are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and the compound of formula (I) is substituted with at least one ionic substituent. The compound may be used as an n-dopant to dope an organic semiconductor. ##STR00001##

A compound of formula (I): (Core)n-(X)m wherein Core is a core group; n is 0 and m is 1, or n is 1 and m is at least 1; and X is a group of formula (II): wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each a substituent; one of R.sup.1-R.sup.5 is a direct bond or divalent linking group linking the group of formula (II) to Core in the case where n is 1; x and y are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and the compound of formula (I) is substituted with at least one ionic substituent. The compound may be used as an n-dopant to dope an organic semiconductor. ##STR00001##

Provided is a compound capable of forming through a printing process an organic semiconductor exhibiting high charge mobility. The compound according to the present disclosure is represented by Formula (1) below. In Formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent —O—, —NR.sup.1—, or —PR.sup.2-. Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.8 are the same or different and each represent ═N— or ═CR.sup.3—. The R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group. n represents an integer of 0 or greater.

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Provided is a compound capable of forming through a printing process an organic semiconductor exhibiting high charge mobility. The compound according to the present disclosure is represented by Formula (1) below. In Formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent —O—, —NR.sup.1—, or —PR.sup.2-. Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.8 are the same or different and each represent ═N— or ═CR.sup.3—. The R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group. n represents an integer of 0 or greater.

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A method for producing an organic non-fullerene electron transport compound includes mixing naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an amine compound in dimethylformamide. The method also includes heating the mixture to a temperature greater than or equal to 70° and less than or equal to 160° C. for an amount of time greater than or equal to 1 hour and less than or equal to 24 hours. The method further includes isolating an organic non-fullerene electron transport compound reaction product.

An ink composition for an organic light-emitting device, the ink composition including a luminescent host material and a solvent, wherein the luminescent host material includes at least one compound represented by Formula (1) and Formula (3), and wherein the solvent includes at least one selected from an aromatic ether, an aromatic ester, and an aromatic ketone: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Formulas (1) and (3), groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

A photoelectric conversion material dispersion liquid of an embodiment includes: perovskite crystal particles having a composition represented as ABX.sub.3, where A is a monovalent cation of an amine compound, B is a divalent cation of a metal element, and X is a monovalent anion of a halogen element, and having an average particle diameter of not less than 10 nm nor more than 10000 nm; and a dispersion medium which is composed of a poor solvent to the perovskite crystal particles, and in which the perovskite crystal particles are dispersed.

A photoelectric conversion material dispersion liquid of an embodiment includes: perovskite crystal particles having a composition represented as ABX.sub.3, where A is a monovalent cation of an amine compound, B is a divalent cation of a metal element, and X is a monovalent anion of a halogen element, and having an average particle diameter of not less than 10 nm nor more than 10000 nm; and a dispersion medium which is composed of a poor solvent to the perovskite crystal particles, and in which the perovskite crystal particles are dispersed.

A deposition mask for making a display device, the deposition mask includes: a frame including a first opening; a first member disposed above the first opening of the frame and including a first portion surrounding at least one second opening and a second portion disposed in the second opening and physically separated from the first portion; and a second member disposed on the first member and including a first connecting portion connected to the frame and a second mesh portion overlapping the second portion.

A method of processing a substrate includes loading the substrate to which a processing liquid is adhered, inside a processing container, removing the processing liquid adhering to the substrate by supplying a first organic solvent to the loaded substrate, causing the substrate to be water-repellent by supplying a water repellent to the substrate from which the processing liquid has been removed, supplying a second organic solvent to the water-repellent substrate, and drying the substrate by volatilizing the second organic solvent adhering to the substrate.