An apparatus for separating a substrate and a method of separating a substrate by using the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a stage and an adsorber facing the stage and comprising a plurality of vacuum pad portions. An upper surface of the stage includes a first region and a pair of second regions located on opposing sides of the first region, wherein the first region and the second regions are disposed on different planes, and wherein each of the second regions is inclined with respect to the first region.

The present invention provides an organic single crystal field effect circuit and method for preparing the same. The method comprises the steps of: preparing circuit masks; preparing a flexible planar embedded lamination electrode with the circuit patterns: 1) attaching octadecyl trichlorosilane on surface of a substrate; 2) preparing the source, drain and gate electrodes on the modified substrate, and attaching mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane; 3) spin-coating polydimethyl siloxane on surfaces of the source, drain and gate electrodes, respectively; 4) diverting the gate electrode spin-coated with polydimethyl siloxane, performing oxygen plasma treatment to the metal electrode surface of the gate electrode and polydimethyl siloxane surfaces of the source and drain electrodes, respectively, to form hydroxyl; 5) tailoring the source and the drain electrodes, attaching the gate, source and drain electrodes into an integration, thereby obtaining the flexible planar embedded lamination electrode; preparing the organic single crystal field effect circuit. The present invention prepares electrodes using photolithography technique with high precision such that patterns with high precision and high complexity can be prepared, which is convenient and practicable.

A thin film forming apparatus includes: a thin film source including a thin film on one surface of the thin film source to be transferred to a substrate; and a light emitter configured to apply light energy to the thin film source to transfer the thin film to the substrate.

An apparatus for separating a substrate and a method of separating a substrate by using the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a stage and an adsorber facing the stage and comprising a plurality of vacuum pad portions. An upper surface of the stage includes a first region and a pair of second regions located on opposing sides of the first region, wherein the first region and the second regions are disposed on different planes, and wherein each of the second regions is inclined with respect to the first region.

The present invention provides a display device and a manufacturing method thereof that can simplify manufacturing steps and enhance efficiency in the use of materials, and further, a manufacturing method that can enhance adhesiveness of a pattern. One feature of the invention is that at least one or more patterns needed for manufacturing a display panel, such as a conductive layer forming a wiring or an electrode or a mask for forming a desired pattern is/are formed by a method capable of selectively forming a pattern, thereby manufacturing a display panel.

A translucent photovoltaic (PV) device comprising a semi-transparent substrate 120 and at least one translucent photovoltaic (PV) cell 100, the PV cell 100 comprising a stack 110 of layers disposed on the substrate 120, the stack 110 comprising: a front electrode layer 112, a back electrode layer 113, and a perovskite photoactive layer 111 between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The back electrode layer 113 comprises carbon, wherein the stack 110 of layers comprises laser-made light-transmissive apertures 130 extending through at least the back electrode layer 113 and the perovskite photoactive layer 111 wherein the light-transmissive apertures 130 are fully surrounded by the layer stack 110 layers that contribute to the power conversion.

A display panel includes a circuit layer on a base substrate, a first electrode and an auxiliary electrode disposed on the circuit layer, and spaced apart from each other, a charge generation layer on the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode, a first opening region being defined in the charge generation layer, a second electrode on the charge generation layer, a first organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the charge generation layer, a second opening region being defined in the first organic layer, and a second organic layer disposed between the charge generation layer and the second electrode, a third opening region being defined in the second organic layer. The second electrode is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode through the first to third opening regions, and the second organic layer includes a protrusion adjacent to the third opening region.

A display panel includes a circuit layer on a base substrate, a first electrode and an auxiliary electrode disposed on the circuit layer, and spaced apart from each other, a charge generation layer on the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode, a first opening region being defined in the charge generation layer, a second electrode on the charge generation layer, a first organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the charge generation layer, a second opening region being defined in the first organic layer, and a second organic layer disposed between the charge generation layer and the second electrode, a third opening region being defined in the second organic layer. The second electrode is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode through the first to third opening regions, and the second organic layer includes a protrusion adjacent to the third opening region.

A display apparatus includes: a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area extending around a periphery of the display area; a pixel electrode in the display area; a pixel-defining layer on the pixel electrode and having a first sub-opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode; a bank layer on the pixel-defining layer and having a second sub-opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode; a first conductive layer on the bank layer and having a tip protruding outwardly beyond the pixel electrode and the second sub-opening; an emission layer over the pixel electrode and the first conductive layer and having an opening exposing a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive layer; and an opposite electrode on the emission layer and in direct contact with the first conductive layer through the opening in the emission layer.