A synchronized piezoelectric and luminescence (SPL) material includes a core layer including light-emitting particles and a shell layer which is attached onto a surface of the core layer and includes ligands having a piezoelectric property. Therefore, a piezoelectric property and a luminescent property can be simultaneously implemented using a single SPL material in which piezoelectric ligands and light-emitting particles are chemically coupled.

A material comprising a group of formula (I): (I) wherein: X and Y are each independently selected from S, O or Se; Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group or are absent; A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group, a non-aromatic 6-membered ring having ring atoms selected from C, N, S and O or are absent; R.sup.1 is H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently H or a substituent; and * represents a point of attachment to a hydrogen or non-hydrogen substituent.

##STR00001##

There is a polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure having an anode; an anodic buffer layer; an active layer having at least one photoactive organic polymer as electron-donor and at least one electron-accepting organic compound; a cathodic buffer layer; and a cathode. The at least one photoactive organic polymer is selected from conjugated polymers comprising an anthraditiophenic derivative having a general formula (I):

##STR00001##

The polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure shows good values of power conversion efficiency (PCE) (η) and can be advantageously used in the construction of photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), either on a rigid support or on a flexible support.

Provided herein are small molecular acceptor compounds containing thiophene end groups, methods for their preparation and intermediates used therein, the use of formulations containing the same as semiconductors in organic electronic devices, especially in organic photovoltaic and organic field-effect transistor devices, and to organic electronic and organic photovoltaic devices made from these formulations.

Provided are a polymer semiconductor including a first structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, a stretchable polymer thin film including the same, and an electronic device.

##STR00001##

Definitions of Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 are as described in the detailed description.

Disclosed are an organic thin film including a semiconducting polymer including a ligand that is metal-coordination bondable or is metal-coordination bonded and an elastomer including a ligand that is metal-coordination bondable or is metal-coordination bonded, wherein the semiconducting polymer and the elastomer are configured to be dynamic intermolecular bonded by a metal-coordination bond, an organic sensor, and an electronic device.

The present invention relates to a novel polymer and an organic electronic device using same. In the polymer according to the present invention, a cyclic electron-donor, including thiophene, selenophene, or a combination thereof, is introduced into a central skeleton having an A-D-A structure including an electron-donor and electron-acceptor unit. Thus, the polymer has not only excellent chemical and thermal stability, but also good crystallinity. Moreover, intermolecular stacking is possible, and thus charge mobility can be maximized.

An ultra-thin shadow mask comprises a plastic foil including a plurality of apertures, wherein the ultra-thin shadow mask is less than 25 μm thick, and wherein the ultra-thin shadow mask has a feature size of at least 1 μm to about 100 μm. An organic photovoltaic (OPV) device comprises a first electrode including a first grid structure, the first grid structure having a feature size of at least 1 μm to about 100 μm, a heterojunction under the first electrode, a second electrode under the heterojunction including a second grid structure, and a plurality of outcoupling layers over the first electrode. Related methods are also disclosed.

This hole collection layer composition for an organic photoelectric conversion elements comprises: a charge-transporting substance formed of a polyaniline derivative represented by formula (1); fluorochemical surfactant; metal oxide nanoparticles; and a solvent. The hole collection layer composition provides a thin film having excellent adhesiveness to an active layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element. ##STR00001## {R.sup.1-R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfonic acid group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 thioalkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, etc. Meanwhile, one of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is a sulfonic acid group and at least one of the remaining R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 thioalkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, etc., and m and n are numbers that satisfy 0≤m≤1, 0≤n≤1, and m+n=1.}

The present invention discloses a light-emitting electrochemical cell, which includes a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode which are stacked, wherein the light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting material and an ion conductive polymer. The present invention also discloses an electroluminescent display device, including a glass substrate, a thin film transistor, a light-emitting electrochemical cell, a protective layer, and a polarizer. Embodiments of the present application provide a light-emitting electrochemical cell and an electroluminescence display device, wherein the electro-luminescence display device is construed by providing a simple structure and manufacturing process to the light-emitting electrochemical cell, and therefore the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.