Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Semiconductor devices, and more particularly arrangements of fluorinated polymers with low dielectric loss for environmental protection in semiconductor devices are disclosed. Arrangements include conformal coatings or layers of fluorinated polymers that cover a semiconductor die on a package substrate of a semiconductor device. Such fluorinated polymer arrangements may also conformally coat various electrical connections for the semiconductor die, including wire bonds. Fluorinated polymers with low dielectric constants and low moisture permeability may thereby provide reduced moisture ingress in semiconductor devices while also reducing the impact of associated dielectric loss.

Provided are a polymer containing S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene in backbone chain with content-adjustable triarylamine end groups, and a preparation method and an application thereof. Triarylamines hole-transport small molecules are introduced into the polymer end group, and a content of the triarylamine end groups can be adjusted by controlling a polymer molecular weight, so that the polymer has better electron-transport and hole-transport capabilities, and charge carrier transport can be balanced, so that more exciton recombination takes place effectively, thus improving the luminous efficiency and stability of the polymer. The polymer is prepared by a Suzuki polymerization reaction and does not require synthesis of new monomers. The polymer material is used for preparing highly effective and stable monolayer devices, and is dissolved directly in an organic solvent, then spin-coated, ink-jet printed, or printed to form a film.

A quantum dot including a first ligand and a second ligand on a surface of the quantum dot, a composition or composite including the same, and a device including the same. The first ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the second ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
MA.sub.n  Chemical Formula 1 wherein M, n, and A are the same as defined in the specification; and ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1, L.sub.1, Y.sub.1, R, k1, and k2 are the same as defined in the specification.

Disclosed is a graft copolymer containing a polyfluorene-based polymer as a main chain and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a side chain, and an element including the same. The graft copolymer contains both the polyfluorene-based polymer and the PVDF, so that the graft copolymer may increase miscibility between polymers to prepare a composite having excellent performance, prepare an uniform thin film through a solution process, and be used as a single material that exhibits both piezoelectric properties and luminescence properties.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formulae (1) to (4), which are suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, to intermediate compounds for the compounds or formulae (1) to (4) and to electronic devices, which comprise the compounds of formulae (1) to (4).

A polymer containing an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I) wherein each R is the same or different and represents H or an electron withdrawing group, and each R.sup.1 is the same or different and represents a substituent. ##STR00001##

A method of producing a polymer compound which is capable of improving yield while lowering the dispersity of the molecular weight is described. The method of producing polymer compound A containing a constitutional unit (1-2) having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms present on Ar.sup.1 from a compound represented by the formula [1-2] involves a first step of separating high molecular weight components contained in a polymer compound B by a fractionation precipitation method from the polymer compound B containing a constitutional unit (1-1) having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms present on Ar.sup.1 from a compound represented by the formula [1-1], to obtain a polymer compound C composed of the high molecular weight components, and a second step of converting the constitutional unit (1-1) contained in polymer compound C into constitutional unit (1-2), to obtain polymer compound A:

##STR00001##

A light emitting device having excellent external quantum efficiency contains an anode, a cathode, and two organic layers between the anode and cathode. The first organic layer contains a fluorescent low-molecular weight compound, and the second organic layer contains a cross-linked body of a cross-linkable polymer compound containing a unit having a group obtained from a metal complex represented by the formula (1), a cross-linkable constitutional unit having a cross-linkable group, and an aromatic amine constitutional unit: ##STR00001##
In formula (1), M represents a palladium atom, n.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 or more, n.sup.2 represents an integer of 0 or more, E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 represent a carbon atom, Ring L.sup.1 represents an aromatic hetero ring, Ring L.sup.2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring, and A.sup.1-G.sup.1-A.sup.2 represents an anionic bidentate ligand.

A quantum dot device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; a quantum dot layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron auxiliary layer between the quantum dot layer and the second electrode, the electron auxiliary layer including a first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle which is larger than the first nanoparticle, wherein a work function of the first electrode is greater than a work function of the second electrode, and wherein a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the quantum dot layer and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the electron auxiliary layer is less than about 1.1 electronvolts.