The present invention discloses a light-emitting electrochemical cell, which includes a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode which are stacked, wherein the light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting material and an ion conductive polymer. The present invention also discloses an electroluminescent display device, including a glass substrate, a thin film transistor, a light-emitting electrochemical cell, a protective layer, and a polarizer. Embodiments of the present application provide a light-emitting electrochemical cell and an electroluminescence display device, wherein the electro-luminescence display device is construed by providing a simple structure and manufacturing process to the light-emitting electrochemical cell, and therefore the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

A light-emitting composition comprising: a light-emitting group and a polymer comprising: a repeat unit of formula Ar.sup.1 wherein Ar.sup.1 is an arylene repeat unit which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; and a repeat unit of formula (I): (I) wherein Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 each independently represent a C.sub.6-20 arylene group or a 5-20 membered heteroarylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents and CB represents a conjugation-breaking group which does not provide a conjugation path between Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3; wherein the polymer has a solubility in water or a C.sub.1-8 alcohol at 20° C. of at least 0.1 mg/ml. The composition may be a light-emitting polymer in which the polymer contains the light-emitting group. The light-emitting composition may be part of a particle containing the polymer and a matrix material, e.g. silica. The light-emitting composition may be used in an assay for detection of a target analyte.

A polymer, a quantum dot composition, and a light-emitting device employing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit that has a structure represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein the definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and Z.sup.1 and n are as defined in the specification.

A light emitting device having excellent external quantum efficiency contains an anode, a cathode, and two organic layers disposed therebetween. One layer contains a phosphorescent transition metal complex and a low molecular weight compound containing no transition metal, and the second layer contains a crosslinked body of a polymer compound (having an energy level of the lowest triplet excited state of 2.30 eV or more) containing a constitutional unit having a crosslinking group. The low molecular weight compound has formula (T-1) and the absolute value of the difference between the energy levels of the lowest triplet excited state and the lowest singlet excited state is less than 0.25 eV. ##STR00001##
n.sup.T1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, n.sup.T2 represents an integer of 1 to 10, Ar.sup.T1 represents a substituted amino group or a monovalent hetero ring group, L.sup.T1 represents an alkylene group, and Ar.sup.T2 represents a hetero ring group.

A fluorinated polymer suitable for deposition is provided. A film containing such a fluorinated polymer as a material is provided. A method for producing a film, by which such a film can readily be produced, is provided. Further, an organic photoelectronic element having such a film in its structure is provided.

A fluorinated polymer which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the melting point is 200° C. or higher, (2) the thermogravimetric loss rate when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, substantially reaches 100% at 400° C. or lower, (3) when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, the temperature width from a temperature at which the thermogravimetric loss rate is 10% to a temperature at which it is 90%, is within 100° C.

The present invention provides, among other aspects, stabilized chromophoric nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are rationally functionalized with a pre-determined number of functional groups. In certain embodiments, the stable chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are modified with a low density of functional groups. In yet other embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are conjugated to one or more molecules. Also provided herein are methods for making rationally functionalized chromophoric nanoparticles.

A light emitting device having excellent luminance life contains an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The first organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1), and the second organic layer contains a compound represented by the formula (C-1) and a cross-linked body of a crosslinkable material. ##STR00001##
Ring R.sup.1C and Ring R.sup.2C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group represented by the formula (C′-1). ##STR00002##
Ring R.sup.3C and Ring R.sup.4C represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero ring and R.sup.C′ represents a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, a tin atom or a lead atom.

The present specification relates to a compound, a coating composition including the same, and an organic light emitting device.

The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device, comprising: a light- emitting layer, which is a quantum dot composite film, wherein the quantum dot composite film comprises a conductive polymer, a quantum dot, and a coordination group connected to the conductive polymer, and the coordination group is connected to the quantum dot.

An electroluminescent device and a display device including the same are disclosed, wherein the electroluminescent device includes a first electrode; a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode; a light emitting layer including a first light emitting layer disposed on the hole transport layer, the first emitting layer including a first quantum dot, and a second light emitting layer including a second quantum dot and an n-type organic semiconductor, the second light emitting layer disposed on the first light emitting layer; an electron transport layer disposed on the second light emitting layer; and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer.