The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes, especially as emitters.

A composition containing a phosphorescent compound and solvents, which is useful for producing a film having excellent flatness when used in a discharge type application method, is provided. The composition contains a phosphorescent compound, a solvent (A) and a solvent (B), in which the boiling point under 1 atm of the solvent (A) (bpA ( C.)) and the boiling point under 1 atm of the solvent (B) (bpB ( C.)) satisfy formulas (11) and (12), and the content of the solvent (A) (wtA (by weight)) and the content of solvent (B) (wtB (by weight)) satisfy formula (13):

bpB<200 C.bpA (11)

70 C.bpAbpB120 C. (12)

wtBwtA (13).

Forward and back electron transfer at molecule oxide interfaces are pivotal events in dye-sensitized solar cells, dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells and other applications. Disclosed herein are self-assembled multilayers as a strategy for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at these interfaces. The multilayer films are achieved by stepwise layering of bridging molecules, linking ions, and active molecule on an oxide surface. The formation of the proposed architecture is supported by ATR-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Time-resolved emission and transient absorption establishes that the films exhibit an exponential decrease in electron transfer rate with increasing bridge length. The findings indicate that self-assembled multilayers offer a simple, straight forward and modular method for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at dye-oxide interfaces.

The application relates to a strongly-polarized molecule of the following general formula: wherein A denotes a group having a polarizability greater than 2 C.Math.m.sup.2/V; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl amino group; x.sub.1 and x.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively; and y.sub.1 and y.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively. The application further relates to a strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction, and a single molecule field effect transistor comprising a substrate, a gate, a dielectric layer and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction; and the dielectric layer is located between the gate and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction. The single molecule field effect transistor provided by the application can realize highly-efficient gate modulation. ##STR00001##

Light emitting electrochemical cell devices comprising chiral liquid crystalline materials. The chiral liquid crystalline material mixtures of the devices function as both electrolytes and as light emitting materials. The chiral liquid crystalline material mixtures also form photonic crystal structures creating a photonic stop band. The presence of the photonic stop band enables the light emitting electrochemical cell devices to emit light with improved energy efficiency.

A method of producing an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell includes dispersing semiconductor nanoparticles on a transparent electrically conductive substrate, dispersing semiconductor nanofibers on the semiconductor nanoparticle layer, adsorbing onto all sides of the semiconductor nanofibers a first light absorption material, thereby sensitizing the semiconductor nanofibers, wherein the light absorption material has a first light absorption bandwidth, and depositing a second light absorption material in contact with and forming respective shells on the respective semiconductor nanofibers on which the first light absorption material is adsorbed, wherein the second light absorption material has a second light absorption bandwidth complementary to the first light absorption bandwidth.

Phosphorescent metal complexes comprising a pendant redox-active metallocene are disclosed. These complexes are useful as emitters for phosphorescent OLEDs.

The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful as ligands in organometallic dyes. More particularly, the invention relates to dyes comprising the compounds, said dyes being sensitizing dyes useful in solar cell technology. According to an embodiment, the present invention discloses new ruthenium dyes and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). The referred ruthenium dyes with new structural features can be easily synthesized, show more than 85% light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and a higher than 9% cell efficiency.

Forward and back electron transfer at molecule oxide interfaces are pivotal events in dye-sensitized solar cells, dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells and other applications. Disclosed herein are self-assembled multilayers as a strategy for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at these interfaces. The multilayer films are achieved by stepwise layering of bridging molecules, linking ions, and active molecule on an oxide surface. The formation of the proposed architecture is supported by ATR-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Time-resolved emission and transient absorption establishes that the films exhibit an exponential decrease in electron transfer rate with increasing bridge length. The findings indicate that self-assembled multilayers offer a simple, straight forward and modular method for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at dye-oxide interfaces.

A composition is provided containing a phosphorescent compound and a polymer compound having a constitutional unit represented by the formula (Y):

Ar.sup.Y1(Y)

wherein Ar.sup.Y1 represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group or the like; and at least one constitutional unit selected from the constitutional units represented by the formulas (Ia) to (Id):

##STR00001##

wherein m represents an integer of 0 to 4, n represents an integer of 0 to 3, R.sup.T1 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or the like, R.sup.x represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or the like, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, nA and nB represent an integer of 0 to 3, and L.sup.A and L.sup.B represent an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group.