A compound is represented by Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##
wherein each of Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, and L is independently selected from a list of substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, l is 0 or 1, m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is 2 or 3. When m is two or more, two or more L(s) are identical to or different from each other. M indicates a post-transition metal or a transition metal.

Provided is a method of purifying a phosphorescent dopant, the method including reacting the phosphorescent dopant with Ag.sub.2O.

A compound comprising a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

##STR00001##

is disclosed. In the structure of Formula I, ring A is a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, Z.sup.1-Z.sup.4 are each independently C or N; at least two consecutive Z.sup.1-Z.sup.4 are C, and are fused to a structure of Formula II

##STR00002##

or Formula III

##STR00003##

Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each independently O, S, Se, CRR′, SiRR′, or GeRR′; each R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R, and R′ is a hydrogen or a substituent; and any two substituents may be joined or fused together to form a ring. In the compound, L.sub.A is complexed to a metal M by the dashed lines in Formula I to form a five-membered chelate ring, and M has an atomic weight greater than 40. Organic light emitting devices and consumer products containing the compounds are also disclosed.

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, which is explained in the specification, is provided. A light-emitting device is provided, which includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and the organometallic compound. An electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device is also provided:

##STR00001##

An organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a first emission unit and a second emission unit between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a first charge generation layer between the first emission unit and the second emission unit; wherein the first emission unit includes a first emission layer and a first inorganic buffer layer, and the second emission unit includes a second emission layer and a second inorganic buffer layer.

Provided is an OLED structure includes an organic layer having a primary phosphorescent emitter and a first host; where one of the following conditions is true: (1) the organic layer further includes a secondary emitter; or (2) the OLED further includes a second organic layer where the second organic layer includes a secondary emitter. The primary phosphorescent emitter has a peak emission wavelength λmax that is ≥600 nm and ≤750 nm; the secondary emitter has a peak emission wavelength λmax that is ≥750 nm; the primary phosphorescent emitter is capable of transferring energy to the secondary emitter; the first host has a lowest excited state triplet energy T1 that is at least 0.1 eV higher than that of the primary phosphorescent emitter; the primary phosphorescent emitter has the formula Pt(L.sup.1).sub.m; L.sup.1 can represent one or more ligands that are the same or different; each L.sup.1 is independently monodentate or multidentate; and m represents a maximum possible number of ligands L.sup.1 that can coordinate to Pt.

The present invention includes novel heteroleptic/homoleptic iridium complexes containing two tridentate ligands, where at least one of the tridentate ligands comprises of pyridinium-derived N-heterocyclic carbene. The compounds of the present invention may be useful for organic electroluminescent devices.

A light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer includes a first emission layer and a second emission layer. The first emission layer includes a first compound, and the second emission layer includes a second compound. The first compound includes at least one deuterium (D), and the second compound does not include deuterium. An electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device is also provided.

A light-emitting element having low driving voltage and high emission efficiency is provided. In the light-emitting element, a combination of a guest material and a host material forms an exciplex. The guest material is capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. Light emission from the light-emitting layer includes light emission from the guest material and light emission from the exciplex. The percentage of the light emission from the exciplex to the light emission from the light-emitting layer is greater than 0 percent and less than or equal to 60 percent. The energy after subtracting the energy of light emission from the exciplex from the energy of light emission from the guest material is greater than 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.23 eV.