An organic light-emitting material and the manufacturing method thereof, and an organic light-emitting device are disclosed. The organic light-emitting material includes a benzophenanthrene derivative, which has good planarity and strong visible π-π* absorption ability and has a high quantum yield of blue light-emitting capability as well. Therefore, a benzophenanthrene derivative having a large π-conjugated system has high-efficiency electron transporting properties, and its high electron-withdrawing group increases electron mobility rate and effectively improve the light-emitting efficiency of the organic light emitting device.

The invention relates to purely organic molecules according to formula A without metal center and their use as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and in other optoelectronic devices

##STR00001##

with Y is independently selected from the group consisting of C, PR, S, and S(═O); W is independently selected from the group consisting of C(CN).sub.2, NR, O, and S; X is selected from the group consisting of CR.sup.2, C═C(CN).sub.2, NR, O, and S; Ar is a substituted aryl or heteroaryl group with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is substituted with m same or different radicals R* and with n same or different donor groups D with electron-donating properties, wherein m+n equals the number of substitutable ring atoms and wherein D comprises a structure of formula I:

##STR00002##

wherein A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of CRR′, CR, NR, and N, wherein there is a single of a double bond between A and B and a single or a double bond between B and Z; Z is a direct bond or a divalent organic bridge group selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C9-alkylene group, C2-C8-alkenylene group, C2-C8-alkynylene or arylene group or a combination of these, —CRR′, —C═CRR′, —C═NR, —NR—, —O—, —SiRR′—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O).sub.2—, O-interrupted substituted or unsubstituted C1-C9-alkylene, C2-C8-alkenylene, C2-C8-alkynylene or arylene groups, and phenyl or substituted phenyl units; wherein the waved line indicates the position over which D is bound to Ar.

An exemplary embodiment of the present specification provides an organic electroluminescence device including: an anode; a cathode; a light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode; and an electron transporting layer provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer, in which the electron transporting layer includes a first electron transporting material and a second electron transporting material, the first electron transporting material is an organic material including a monocyclic or polycyclic ring which includes an N-containing six-membered ring, the second electron transporting material is an organic material including a five-membered hetero ring which includes at least one heteroatom of N, O, and S, or a cyano group, and a dipole moment of the second electron transporting material is larger than a dipole moment of the first electron transporting material.

Disclosed herein are an iridium complex having improved luminous efficiency and emission lifetime, a method for producing the same, an organic electroluminescent element using the iridium complex, and a display device and a lighting device that include the organic electroluminescent element. The iridium complex is contained in at least one organic layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode of an organic electroluminescent element, and has a coefficient of external influence of 0.73 Å.sup.2/MW or less as defined by the following definition equation:
Coefficient of external influence (Svdw)=Van der Waals surface area [Å.sup.2]/molecular weight (MW).

An organic light-emitting apparatus includes an organic light-emitting device and a magnetic field-applying member that applies a magnetic field to the organic light-emitting device. The organic light-emitting device includes a host and a dopant.

An organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and including at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode and including an electron transport layer, in addition to at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, a buffer layer, and an electron injection layer, wherein the electron transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

A photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer on the first electrode, a second electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer, a second substrate on the second electrode, and a sealing member disposed between the first electrode and the second substrate and configured to seal at least the photoelectric conversion layer, the first electrode including a through section, the sealing member being in contact with the first substrate through the through section.

The thiadiazole represented by formula (2) or (4), when used as a light-emitting material in a light-emitting element, allows the light-emitting element to emit near-infrared light: ##STR00001##
wherein in formulae (2) and (4), each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. There may be a ring formed by a carbon linkage between two adjacent R's.

The present invention describes dibenzofuran derivatives substituted by electron-deficient heteroaryl groups, and electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these compounds as triplet matrix materials.

Embodiments include radiative heat-blocking materials comprising one or more non-fullerene components and optionally one or more hole-scavenging components. Embodiments further include windows comprising a transparent photovoltaic device configured to transmit visible light and absorb infrared radiation, wherein an active layer of the photovoltaic device comprises the radiative heat-blocking material. Embodiments further include other devices based on the radiative heat-blocking materials.