An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel and an OLED display apparatus are provided. The OLED display panel comprises: a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed in a stacked configuration and on a same side of the substrate; an organic luminescent layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport layer, disposed between the organic luminescent layer and the second electrode and including a predetermined volume percentage of element ytterbium (Yb).

An organic light emitting diode includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic emitting layer between the first and second electrodes. The organic emitting layer includes a first emitting part between the first and second electrodes, a second emitting part between the first emitting part and the second electrode, and a charge generation layer between the first emitting part and the second emitting part. The charge generation layer includes an n-type charge generation layer between the first emitting part and the second emitting part, and a p-type charge generation layer between the n-type charge generation layer and the second emitting part. The p-type charge generation layer has a multi-layered structure, where an organic charge generation material layer and an inorganic charge generation material layer are alternately stacked.

Transfer films, articles made therewith, and methods of making and using transfer films to form bridged nanostructures are disclosed.

An organic electroluminescence element in an embodiment according to the present invention includes a first electrode, a third electrode including a region overlapping the first electrode, a first insulating layer between the first electrode and the third electrode, a second insulating layer between the first insulating layer and the third electrode, an electron transfer layer between the first insulating layer and the third electrode, a light emitting layer, containing an organic electroluminescence material, between the electron transfer layer and the third electrode, and a second electrode located between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer and electrically connected with the electron transfer layer. The organic electroluminescence element includes an overlap region where the third electrode, the light emitting layer, the electron transfer layer, the first insulating layer and the first electrode overlap each other in an opening of the second insulating layer.

A light emitting diode comprises first and second electrodes facing each other; a first charge generation layer between the first and second electrodes; a first emitting stack including a first emitting material layer between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and a first electron transporting layer between the first emitting material layer and the first charge generation layer; and a second emitting stack including a second emitting material layer between the first charge generation layer and the second electrode and a second electron transporting layer between the second emitting material layer and the second electrode, wherein the first charge generation layer has an electron mobility lower than that of the first electron transporting layer.

An organic light emitting device is described, having an OLED including an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer between the anode and cathode. At least a portion of an electrode surface includes a plurality of scattering structures positioned in a partially disordered pattern resembling nodes of a two dimensional lattice. The scattering structures are positioned around the nodes of the two dimensional lattice with the average distance between the position of each scattering structure and a respective node of the lattice is from 0 to 0.5 of the distance between adjacent lattice nodes. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and a method of enhancing the light-extraction efficiency of an organic light emitting device are also described.

Provided is an organic modulation element including an organic modulation layer containing a plurality of organic semiconductor molecules, a first electrode, and a second electrode. Each of the plurality of organic semiconductor molecules is a molecule in which an excited state enabling reverse intersystem crossing from a lowest excited triplet state to a lowest excited singlet state is formed due to irradiation with the input light. In each of the plurality of organic semiconductor molecules, an intersystem crossing rate constant from the lowest excited singlet state to the lowest excited triplet state is greater than a reverse intersystem crossing rate constant from the lowest excited triplet state to the lowest excited singlet state, and the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant from the lowest excited triplet state to the lowest excited singlet state is greater than a non-radiative deactivation rate constant from the lowest excited triplet state to a ground state.

A first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor are provided. In the first transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to a first wiring; a second terminal is electrically connected to a gate terminal of the second transistor; a gate terminal is electrically connected to a fifth wiring. In the second transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to a third wiring; a second terminal is electrically connected to a sixth wiring. In the third transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to a second wiring; a second terminal is electrically connected to the gate terminal of the second transistor; a gate terminal is electrically connected to a fourth wiring. In the fourth transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to the second wiring; a second terminal is electrically connected to the sixth wiring; a gate terminal is connected to the fourth wiring.

A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixel areas for respectively outputting light for displaying an image and a light travel-direction changing layer disposed on the display panel for diversifying and spreading travel directions of light emitted from each of the plurality of sub-pixel areas. The light travel-direction changing layer includes a plurality of refractive patterns respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel areas and arranged in a matrix form, and a light-scattering layer disposed around each of the plurality of refractive patterns and having a refractive index different from a refractive index of each of the plurality of refractive patterns. Due to the light travel-direction changing layer, light from each sub-pixel area is incident into each refractive pattern, is refracted at a boundary between each refractive pattern and the light-scattering layer, and is scattered in the light-scattering layer. Thus, the light emits out of the display device in the diversified and spread travel directions.

Some embodiments provide a display device including a substrate having an opening area, a peripheral area surrounding the opening area, and a display area surrounding the peripheral area, a transistor and a light emitting element on the substrate, an encapsulation layer on the light emitting element, a first touch insulating layer on the encapsulation layer, an overcoat layer on the first touch insulating layer, and defining a first opening, and a cover layer filling the first opening, wherein at least one of the overcoat layer and the cover layer extends from the display area to the peripheral area, and wherein the substrate includes a depression pattern that is filled by the overcoat layer or the cover layer.