An object is to provide an electroacoustic transducer consisting of a vibration plate and an exciter and having good flexibility. The object is solved by providing a vibration plate and an exciter, in which a maximal value of a loss tangent of the exciter at a frequency of 1 Hz according to dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is 0.08 or more in a temperature range of 0° C. to 50° C., and a product of a thickness of the exciter and a storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 1 Hz and 25° C. according to the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is at most three times a product of a thickness of the vibration plate and a Young's modulus.

A method for manufacturing an electroactive polymer device which includes a layered structure including a dielectric polymer layer and an electrode layer, wherein the electrode layer is arranged on a surface of the dielectric polymer layer. The method includes: providing the dielectric polymer layer; determining a surface area location of a defect on a first surface of the dielectric polymer layer; creating an electrode layer including an area void of electrode layer material surrounding the surface area location, and the electrode layer includes a patch of electrode material covering the surface area location and a remainder part of the surface of the dielectric polymer layer surrounding the area void of electrode layer material, in which the patch and the remainder part are electrically isolated from one another.

Provided are a piezoelectric element for a speaker and a method of manufacturing the same. The piezoelectric element for a speaker includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers stacked on one another in a thickness direction, and a plurality of electrodes provided to be connected to middle portions of sides of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers along external walls of the plurality of stacked piezoelectric ceramic layers, wherein middle portions of some sides from among a plurality of sides of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers are etched, and wherein the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers are stacked on one another in the thickness direction not to overlap non-etched sides from among the plurality of sides.

An elastic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate, an IDT electrode including a first electrode layer located on the piezoelectric substrate and including one of Mo and W as a main component and a second electrode layer laminated on the first electrode layer and including Cu as a main component, and a dielectric film located on the piezoelectric substrate and covering the IDT electrode. The piezoelectric substrate is made of lithium niobate. The dielectric film is made of silicon oxide. The elastic wave device utilizes Rayleigh waves propagating along the piezoelectric substrate.

Disclosed are a piezoelectric speaker employing a piezoelectric device having a through-hole and a method for manufacturing the same. The piezoelectric speaker includes a piezoelectric device including a stacked body having through-holes and electrodes formed at the stacked body, an adhesive layer disposed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric device, and a diaphragm attached to the piezoelectric device by the adhesive layer. The through-holes are arranged to decrease in size as they move away from the center of the piezoelectric element. The through-holes have a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the center, and the inner surface of each through-hole has a curved edge. The structure and arrangement of these through-holes do not cause cracks during the sintering process.

A sensor apparatus includes a first of a plurality of layers having a top layer, a bottom layer, and at least one intermediate layer having an electrical conductor layer, each of the top layer, the bottom layer, and the at least one intermediate layer is disposed in direct contact with a respective adjacent layer. A second of the plurality of layers is disposed in direct contact with the first plurality of layers such that the bottom layer of the second plurality of layers is disposed in direct contact with the top layer of the first plurality of layers. The first and second plurality of layers are productive of a piezoelectric voltage absent of an external current producing device and in response to being deformed, and are productive of a change in capacitance in response to being deformed.

A sensor apparatus includes a first of a plurality of layers having a top layer, a bottom layer, and at least one intermediate layer having an electrical conductor layer, each of the top layer, the bottom layer, and the at least one intermediate layer is disposed in direct contact with a respective adjacent layer. A second of the plurality of layers is disposed in direct contact with the first plurality of layers such that the bottom layer of the second plurality of layers is disposed in direct contact with the top layer of the first plurality of layers. The first and second plurality of layers are productive of a piezoelectric voltage absent of an external current producing device and in response to being deformed, and are productive of a change in capacitance in response to being deformed.

A multilayer piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric element body, a first internal electrode and a second internal electrode, a plurality of first connecting conductors, a plurality of second connecting conductors, and an external member. The piezoelectric element body is formed by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric element body layer. The piezoelectric element body includes a first main surface and a second main surface, and a side surface. The plurality of first connecting conductors are connected to the first internal electrode. The plurality of second connecting conductors are connected to the second internal electrode. The external member is conductive and is bonded to the first main surface in such a way as to cover the first end portions of the plurality of first connecting conductors. The external member is electrically connected to the plurality of first connecting conductors.

At least one silicone layer is applied to a substrate by a method employing laser transfer printing. The method is suitable for producing sensors, actuators and other EAP layer systems. The silicone layer in these systems may serve as an electrically conducting electrode layer or as a dielectric layer. The method may be configured to be continuous and may be combined with various other coating technologies.

Methods for manufacturing resonator structures and corresponding resonator structures are described. A first wafer including a first piezoelectric material is singulated and bonded to a second wafer.