A method of forming a superconductor includes exposing a layer disposed on a substrate to an oxygen ambient, and selectively annealing a portion of the layer to form a superconducting region within the layer.

A method of forming a superconductor includes exposing a layer disposed on a substrate to an oxygen ambient, and selectively annealing a portion of the layer to form a superconducting region within the layer.

An ultra-thin film superconducting tape and method for fabricating same is disclosed. Embodiments are directed to a superconducting tape being fabricated by processes which include removing a portion of the superconducting tape's substrate subsequent the substrate's initial formation, whereby a thickness of the superconducting tape is reduced to 15-80 m.

The invention includes methods, and the structures formed, for multi-qubit chips. The methods may include annealing a Josephson junction of a qubit to either increase or decrease the frequency of the qubit. The conditions of the anneal may be based on historical conditions, and may be chosen to tune each qubit to a desired frequency.

Compositions of matter and methods of identifying and making compositions of matter are disclosed. Some embodiments disclose making and chemically and/or compositionally tuning superconducting hydride materials. Some embodiments disclose an apparatus for making and compositionally tuning superconducting materials. Some embodiments disclose a composition of matter including a solid hydride exhibiting superconductivity at a temperature of at least 150 kelvin at an ambient pressure below 180 gigapascals, or at a temperature of at least 261 kelvin. In one or more embodiments, the superconductor includes a covalent metal hydride having at least three different chemical elements wherein an inter-atomic distance between the hydrogen in the covalent metal hydride is in a range of 1.1-2 angstroms. In yet further examples, the superconductor is formed using molecular exchange and compression of a Van der Waals solid. In yet further examples, the superconductor comprises molecular hydrogen disposed in 1-dimensional channels. These and other embodiments are disclosed herein.

Operational characteristics of an extremely low resistance (ELR) film comprised of an ELR material may be improved by depositing a modifying material onto appropriate surfaces of the ELR film to create a modified ELR film. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR film may be in the form of a c-film. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR film may be in the form of an a-b film, an a-film or a b-film. The modified ELR film has improved operational characteristics over the ELR film alone or without the modifying material. Such operational characteristics may include operating in an ELR state at increased temperatures, carrying additional electrical charge, operating with improved magnetic properties, operating with improved mechanic properties or other improved operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite, such as, but not limited to YBCO. In some implementations of the invention, the modifying material is a conductive material that bonds easily to oxygen, such as, but not limited to, chromium.

Compositions of matter and methods of identifying and making compositions of matter are disclosed. Some embodiments disclose making and chemically and/or compositionally tuning superconducting hydride materials. Some embodiments disclose an apparatus for making and compositionally tuning superconducting materials. Some embodiments disclose a composition of matter including a solid hydride exhibiting superconductivity at a temperature of at least 150 kelvin at an ambient pressure below 180 gigapascals, or at a temperature of at least 261 kelvin. In one or more embodiments, the superconductor includes a covalent metal hydride having at least three different chemical elements wherein an inter-atomic distance between the hydrogen in the covalent metal hydride is in a range of 1.1-2 angstroms. In yet further examples, the superconductor is formed using molecular exchange and compression of a Van der Waals solid. In yet further examples, the superconductor comprises molecular hydrogen disposed in 1-dimensional channels. These and other embodiments are disclosed herein.