A projected memory device includes a carbon-based projection component. The device includes two electrodes, a memory segment, and a projection component. The projection component and the memory segment form a dual element that connects the two electrodes. The projection component extends parallel to and in contact with the memory segment. The memory segment includes a resistive memory material, while the projection component includes a thin film of non-insulating material that essentially comprises carbon. In a particular implementation, the non-insulating material and the projection component essentially comprises amorphous carbon. Using carbon and, in particular, amorphous carbon, as a main component of the projection component, allows unprecedented flexibility to be achieved when tuning the electrical resistance of the projection component.

A memory device enabling a reduced minimal conductance state may be provided. The device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and phase-change material between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the phase-change material enables a plurality of conductivity states depending on the ratio between a crystalline and an amorphous phase of the phase-change material. The memory device comprises additionally a projection layer portion in a region between the first electrode and the second electrode. Thereby, an area directly covered by the phase-change material in the amorphous phase in a reset state of the memory device is larger than an area of the projection layer portion oriented to the phase-change material, such that a discontinuity in the conductance states of the memory device is created and a reduced minimal conductance state of the memory device in a reset state is enabled.

An approach to form a semiconductor structure with a multiple layer phase change material stack and four electrodes that functions as an integrated switch device. The semiconductor structure includes a sidewall spacer that is on two opposing sides of the multiple layer phase change material stack contacting an edge of each layer of the multiple layer phase change material stack. The semiconductor structure includes a pair of a first type of electrode, where each of the pair of the first type of electrode abuts each of the sidewall spacers on the two opposing sides of the multiple layer phase change material stack. A pair of a second type of electrode, where each of the second type of electrode abuts each of two other opposing sides of the multiple layer phase change material stack and contacts a heater material on outside portions of the multiple layer phase change material stack.

A memory structure is provided. The memory structure includes a top terminal, a multi-level nonvolatile electrochemical cell, a bottom terminal, a pedestal contact in the same metal level as the bottom terminal, and a vertical conductor fully self-aligned to the multi-level nonvolatile electrochemical cell and extending vertically from the pedestal contact.

A phase change memory includes a substrate, a plurality of first phase change elements on the substrate, a plurality of electrodes on the plurality of first phase change elements, and a second phase change element connecting the plurality of electrodes and disposed between the plurality of first phase change elements.

A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes on a substrate, a channel and a resistance pattern. The gate electrodes are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction substantially perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate. The channel extends through the gate electrodes in the vertical direction on the substrate. The resistance pattern includes a phase-changeable material. The resistance pattern includes a first vertical extension portion on a sidewall of the channel and extending in the vertical direction, a first protrusion portion on an inner sidewall of the first vertical extension portion and protruding in a horizontal direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate, and a second protrusion portion on an outer sidewall of the first vertical extension portion and protruding in the horizontal direction and not overlapping the first protrusion portion in the horizontal direction.

A semiconductor device with a large storage capacity per unit area is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first insulator including a first opening, a first conductor that is over the first insulator and includes a second opening, a second insulator that is over the first insulator and includes a third opening, and an oxide penetrating the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening. The oxide includes a first region at least in the first opening, a second region at least in the second opening, and a third region at least in the third opening. The resistances of the first region and the third region are lower than the resistance of the second region.

A semiconductor device includes a memory structure over a substrate, wherein the memory structure includes a first word line; a first bit line over the first word line; a second bit line over the first bit line; a memory material over sidewalls of the first bit line and the second bit line; a first control word line along a first side of the memory material, wherein the first control word line is electrically connected to the first word line; a second control word line along a second side of the memory material that is opposite the first side; and a second word line over the second bit line, the first control word line, and the second control word line, wherein the second word line is electrically connected to the second control word line.

A nonvolatile memory device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a gate electrode structure disposed on the substrate, a gate dielectric layer covering at least a portion of a sidewall surface of the gate electrode structure on the substrate, a channel layer and a resistance change structure that are sequentially disposed on the gate dielectric layer, and a plurality of bit line structures disposed inside the resistance change structure.

A three-dimensional memory device includes a stacking structure, memory pillars, and conductive pillars. The stacking structure includes stacking layers stacked along a vertical direction, each stacking layer including a gate layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a channel layer. The gate layer, the gate dielectric layer, and the channel layer extend along a horizontal direction, and the gate dielectric layer is disposed between the gate layer and the channel layer. The memory pillars extend along the vertical direction and are laterally separated and in contact with the channel layer of each stacking layer. Each memory pillar comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a switching layer between the first and second electrodes. The conductive pillars extend along the vertical direction and are laterally separated and in contact with the channel layer of each stacking layer. The memory pillars and the conductive pillars are alternately arranged along the horizontal direction.