The invention relates to a photodiode, like an photovoltaic (OPV) cell or photodetector (OPD), comprising, between the photoactive layer and an electrode, a hole selective layer (HSL) for modifying the work function of the electrode and/or the photoactive layer, wherein the HSL comprises a fluoropolymer and optionally a conductive polymer, and to a composition comprising such a fluoropolymer and a conductive polymer.

A conductive composition including a conductive polymer (A), a water-soluble polymer (B) other than the conductive polymer (A), and a solvent (C), wherein a peak area ratio is 0.44 or less, which is determined based on results of analysis performed using a high performance liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer with respect to a test solution obtained by extracting the water-soluble polymer (B) from the conductive composition with n-butanol, and calculated by formula (I):

Area ratio=Y/(X+Y)

wherein X is a total peak area of an extracted ion chromatogram prepared with respect to ions derived from compounds having a molecular weight (M) of 600 or more from a total ion current chromatogram, Y is a total peak area of an extracted ion chromatogram prepared with respect to ions derived from compounds having a molecular weight (M) of less than 600 from the total ion current chromatogram.

Object: To provide an ion exchange membrane which can achieve both high proton transport ability and high ion permeation selectivity, a membrane-electrode assembly including said ion exchange membrane, and a redox flow battery including said membrane-electrode assembly. Resolution Means: One aspect of the present disclosure provides an ion exchange membrane for a redox flow battery including an ion-conductive polymer and a non-woven fabric, wherein the non-woven fabric is disposed in the ion-conductive polymer. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a membrane-electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the ion exchange membrane for a redox flow battery of the present disclosure, wherein the ion exchange membrane for a redox flow battery is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a redox flow battery including a membrane-electrode assembly of the present disclosure. Yet another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for producing an ion exchange membrane for a redox flow battery.

A polyurea-based solid electrolyte, raw material components of which includes a first polyaspartic ester, a lithium salt, and an isocyanate curing agent; the ester group of the first polyaspartic ester includes a polyethylene glycol segment structure.

Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present inventive concept comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present inventive concept can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

Provided are a perovskite light emitting device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The light emitting device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a light-emitting layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite light-emitter; and a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle light-emitter. The present invention can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including: a resin containing a main chain having a urethane bond and two side chains each having a silicon-containing group; and an electro-conductive material, wherein the electro-conductive material is a polymer compound having one or more repeating units selected from fluorosulfonic acid salts shown by the following formulae (1)-1 and (1)-2, sulfonimide salts shown by the following formula (1)-3, and sulfonamide salts shown by the following formula (1)-4. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light in weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even when it is wetted with water or dried. The present invention also provides a bio-electrode in which the living body contact layer is formed from the bio-electrode composition, and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

Provided are a perovskite light emitting device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. A light emitting device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a light-emitting layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite light emitting body; and a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer. Accordingly, an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle light-emitting body; the present invention forms a lamellar structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton is bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

The resin composition according to the present invention contains a polyacetal resin having a specific molecular weight distribution, a specific carbon black, and an alkaline metal wherein the contents of the carbon black and the alkaline metal are in specific ranges. The molded article according to the present invention contains the resin composition.

The application relates to a grounding conductor and an electrical system including such a grounding conductor including a plurality of conductive aluminum strands where each such strand is provided with at least one sheath of an electrically conductive polymer material having a volume resistivity (?) below 100 ?.Math.cm.