Electrode materials and binder materials are used for lithium cells, such as lithium ion cells. To optimize the specific power [W/kg] or power density [W/l] and specific energy [Wh/kg] or energy density [Wh/l], at least one electrically conducting, polymeric binder is used which is selected from the group consisting of polyphenylenes, polypyrroles, polyanilines, polythiophenes and lithium salts thereof. The at least one electrically conducting, polymeric binder is used in a lithium cell.

A decorative ring includes a body having a hollow tubular structure and defining a body space. A plurality of electrical energy generating elements is located in the body space and spaced apart from each other. The body space is divided into a plurality of sub-body spaces separated from each other. Each of plurality of electrical energy generating elements includes a first porous electrode, an eggshell membrane, and a second porous electrode stacked on each other in that order. A light emitting element is located on the body and electrically connected to one of the plurality of electrical energy generating elements. A liquid having positive ions and negative ions in the body space.

A method for making an electrical energy generating element includes providing a first porous electrode, a second porous electrode, and an eggshell membrane. The first porous electrode, the eggshell membrane, and the second porous electrode are stacked on each other in that order. The present application also relates to an electrical energy generating device and a decorative ring.

The present disclosure relates to a continuous flow process for preparing conducting polymers, for example polyaniline. The continuous flow process can provide a controlled synthesis of a conducting polymer from an emulsion comprising a polymerizable organic monomer and a free radical initiator in flow within a temperature controlled continuous flow reactor comprising at least one mixing element. The present disclosure also relates to the conducting polymers prepared by the continuous flow process.

In one embodiment, a method for forming a conducting film includes depositing a base layer of a conducting polymer on a substrate, the polymer forming only a weak bond with the substrate, depositing a top layer of a conducting material on the base layer, applying adhesive tape to the top layer, and peeling the tape off of the substrate, removing the top layer along with the tape.

The invention provides for polymer structures and their preparation and resulting novel functionalities including open-shell character and high intrinsic conductivity with wide-range tenability. Electrical conductivity can be further modulated by introducing or blending with materials, fillers, dopants, and/or additives. The materials or resultant composites of the invention can be processed by various techniques into different forms to realize multiple applications.

A composition may include the resin and a plurality of polymer nanoparticles included in the resin to form a resin mixture. The resin may have a resin coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), a resin cure shrinkage, and/or a resin heat of reaction. The polymer nanoparticles may have a nanoparticle cure shrinkage less than the resin cure shrinkage, a nanoparticle CTE different than the resin CTE, and/or a nanoparticle heat of reaction less than the resin heat of reaction.

Provided is a conductive polymer composite material including an intrinsically conductive polymer, a cellulose nanofiber, and a polyol, wherein the surface of the cellulose nanofiber contains a carboxylic group. In one embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of the intrinsically conductive polymer, the content of the cellulose nanofiber is 1 to 100 parts by weight, and the content of the polyol is 10 to 3,000 parts by weight. A capacitor including the conductive polymer composite material is also provided.

Methods of forming an electrically conductive carbon allotrope material comprise depositing a first material comprising a polymer and a sulfonic acid onto a carbon allotrope material to form a second material. The methods comprise curing the second material. Methods of heating a surface of a vehicle component comprise applying a voltage to a material comprising a carbon allotrope material, a polymer, and a sulfonic acid. The material is disposed on a surface of a vehicle component. Electrically conductive materials comprise at least one polymer, at least one sulfonic acid, and a carbon allotrope material.

A method of manufacturing a charge dissipative surface layer on a member made from or consisting of a dielectric polymeric material or polymer-based composite which is intended to be used in space and other extreme environments, the member having at least one surface, in particular two opposing surfaces, each of the surfaces having a flat or a three-dimensional shape. The method includes carbonizing the at least one surface of the member in a vacuum environment through ion bombardment with simultaneous surface renewal in a dynamic way, by bombardment of the at least one surface with an ion beam formed in a gaseous linear high-current technological ion beam source of rare gas and added predetermined amount of a carbonaceous gas in the same ion beam gas admixture in order to achieve a treated carbonized surface layer with a uniform surface resistivity in a charge-dissipative range.