A ceramic dielectric including: a bulk dielectric including barium (Ba) and titanium (Ti); a ceramic nanosheet; and a composite dielectric of the bulk dielectric and the ceramic nanosheet.

In an electronic component including a ceramic body and an external electrode, the external electrode includes a resin layer including a conductive powder and a plating film in direct contact with the resin layer. The plating film includes a metal with a face-centered cubic structure, and a value of F is about 0.20 or more and about 0.50 or less, where F=(P?P.sub.0)/(1?P.sub.0), P.sub.0=I.sub.0(111)/{I.sub.0(111)+I.sub.0(200)+I.sub.0(220)} and P=I(111)/{I(111)+I(200)+I(220)}, and I.sub.0 (111), I.sub.0 (200), and I.sub.0 (220) are diffraction intensities of a (111) plane, a (200) plane, and a (220) plane obtained from known powder X-ray diffraction data for a metal in the plating film, and I (111), I (200), and I (220) are diffraction intensities of a (111) plane, a (200) plane, and a (220) plane obtained from an X-ray diffraction pattern of the plating film.

A composite thermistor material, a preparation method and an application thereof. The perovskite structure oxide and the pyrochlorite structure oxide are composite by solid state reaction method, which comprise process of ball milling, drying, and calcining. Then the thermistor ceramics with high temperature resistance and controllable B value are sintered at high temperature after mould forming, then the thermistor disks are coated by platinum paste, and then the platinum wire is welded as the lead wire to form thermistor element. The thermistor of the invention can realize temperature measurement from room temperature to 1000 C. and has good negative temperature coefficient thermistor characteristics. The thermistor coefficient B can be adjusted by changing the two-phase ratio to meet the requirements of different systems.

A heating system includes a voltage source, a heating circuit, and a current sensor. The voltage source is configured to provide a current. The heater circuit is electrically coupled to the voltage source. The heater circuit includes a heater array and a compensation circuit. The heater array is configured to provide heat to a region using the current. The compensation circuit is electrically coupled to the voltage source in parallel with the heater array. The compensation circuit is configured to maintain the current above a threshold current level when the heater array is operable. The current sensor is configured to measure a level of the current to the heater circuit and output an alert in response to the current falling below the threshold current level.

An NTC ceramic part, an electronic component for inrush current limiting, and a method for manufacturing an electronic component are disclosed. In an embodiment, an NTC ceramic part for use in an electronic component for inrush current limiting is disclosed, wherein the NTC ceramic part has an electrical resistance in the m? range at a temperature of 25? C. and/or at room temperature.

Provided are a thermistor element including a conductive intermediate layer that can stably exist even at high temperature, and a method for manufacturing the same. The thermistor element includes: a thermistor element body 2 which contains an oxide thermistor material whose crystal structure is a perovskite-type; a conductive intermediate layer 3 formed on the thermistor element body; and an electrode layer 4 formed on the conductive intermediate layer, wherein the conductive intermediate layer is a composite oxide containing Mn. The method for manufacturing the thermistor element includes an intermediate layer forming step of forming a conductive intermediate layer of a composite oxide containing Mn on a thermistor element body, and an electrode layer forming step of forming an electrode layer on the conductive intermediate layer, wherein in the intermediate layer forming step, a Mn-containing dispersion is applied onto the thermistor element body, and dried to form a temporary intermediate layer.