An electromagnetic structure comprising permanent magnets comprises an outer yoke (a6), a first permanent magnet group (a3, a5), an inner yoke (a8), an armature (a1), and a second permanent magnet group (a2, a4). The outer yoke is in a hollow cylinder shape. The first permanent magnet group comprises multiple permanent magnets arrayed in a round shape, the multiple permanent magnets are connected to the outer yoke, and a magnetizing direction of each permanent magnet is along an axial direction. The inner yoke comprises an inner yoke upper base, an inner yoke sidewall, and an inner yoke lower base. The inner yoke upper base and the inner yoke lower base are separately extended outwards and horizontally from an upper end and a lower end of the inner yoke sidewall to form a circular ring. The armature comprises an armature upper base, an armature lower base, and an armature barrel body. The armature barrel body penetrates through the inner yoke sidewall, and the height of the armature barrel body is greater than that of the inner yoke. The armature upper base and the armature lower base are separately in a round shape with a diameter greater than an inner diameter of the inner yoke sidewall. The second permanent magnet group comprises multiple permanent magnets arrayed in a round shape, the multiple permanent magnets are connected to the outer yoke and the inner yoke, and a magnetizing direction of each permanent magnet is along an axial direction. The electromagnetic structure is low in power consumption of a coil, has a good shock resistance performance, and has a good capability against the centrifugal acceleration impact.

A method provides a portion of a transformer by forming a core by providing transformer core material, cutting individual laminations and bending them into generally C-shaped members, stacking some members to define a first core portion having a main leg and two opposing end legs, stacking other members to define a second core portion having a main leg and two opposing end legs, arranging the main legs in a back-to-back manner to define the core having a core leg defined by the two main legs, and opposing core yokes, defined by the end legs. Conductive material is wound directly around the core leg to form a primary winding and secondary winding in any order of arrangement, thus providing a first transformer portion. The transformer portion may be part of a single transformer or, when second and third transformer portions are provided, as part of a three-phase transformer.

A solenoid valve includes: a movable iron core; a solenoid molded body disposed outside the movable iron core in a radial direction and including a coil; a solenoid casing accommodating the movable iron core and the solenoid molded body; a fixed iron core disposed inside the solenoid molded body in the radial direction to generate a magnetic force between the fixed iron core and the movable iron core when the coil is energized; and a valve unit that opens and closes a flow passage in accordance with a movement of the movable iron core. A magnetic material separate from the solenoid casing is disposed at an axial end portion of the coil outside the solenoid casing.

In a solenoid of a hydraulic pressure control apparatus, a region adjacent to an oil flow guide portion of a stopper breathing passage is formed in a magnetism application region, through which a leakage magnetic flux leaking from a magnetic circuit at a time of turning on of a coil passes. Thereby, magnetic foreign objects made of iron or iron containing material are magnetically attracted to the leakage magnetic flux, so that intrusion of the foreign objects from an outside of the solenoid into a second volume variable chamber through the stopper breathing passage is limited.

The invention relates to a solenoid housing fabricated by a method which allows a manufacturer to produce a high performing product while minimizing manufacturing complexity and time. The instant invention uses cold-forging techniques to reduce the need for fine machining processes.

A plasma processing apparatus disclosed herein includes a chamber, a substrate support, a plasma generator, at least one electromagnet, and a power source. The substrate support is provided in the chamber. The substrate support includes a first region on which a substrate is placeable and a second region which surrounds the first region and on which an edge ring is placed. The plasma generator is configured to generate a plasma in the chamber. The at least one electromagnet is configured to generate a magnetic field localized in an annular space above the edge ring. The power source is electrically connected to the at least one electromagnet and is configured to adjust a strength of the magnetic field.