A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body, a dielectric layer disposed on a surface of the anode body, a solid electrolyte layer covering at least a part of the dielectric layer, and a cathode lead-out layer covering at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The cathode lead-out layer includes a carbon layer that is in contact with the solid electrolyte layer and covers at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The carbon layer includes a carbonaceous material and a cyclodextrin compound. The cyclodextrin compound has a concentration of a saturated aqueous solution at 25° C. of 1.5 mass% or more.

Provided is an improved capacitor formed by a process comprising: providing an anode comprising a dielectric thereon wherein the anode comprises a sintered powder wherein the powder has a powder charge of at least 45,000 μFV/g; and forming a first conductive polymer layer encasing at least a portion of the dielectric by applying a first slurry wherein the first slurry comprises a polyanion and a conductive polymer and wherein the polyanion and conductive polymer are in a weight ratio of greater than 3 wherein the conductive polymer and polyanion forms conductive particles with an average particle size of no more than 20 nm.

Provided is an improved capacitor formed by a process comprising: providing an anode comprising a dielectric thereon wherein the anode comprises a sintered powder wherein the powder has a powder charge of at least 45,000 μFV/g; and forming a first conductive polymer layer encasing at least a portion of the dielectric by applying a first slurry wherein the first slurry comprises a polyanion and a conductive polymer and wherein the polyanion and conductive polymer are in a weight ratio of greater than 3 wherein the conductive polymer and polyanion forms conductive particles with an average particle size of no more than 20 nm.

Provided herein is a capacitor and method of forming a capacitor. The capacitor comprises an anode with an anode wire extending from the anode. A dielectric is on the anode and a conductive polymer is on the dielectric. The anode comprises at least one face comprising a surface area wherein at least 60% of the surface area is a land and no more than 40% of the surface area comprises perturbations.

A solid electrolytic capacitor is obtained by a method comprising dissolving a polymerizable material for being converted into a conductive polymer in a water-soluble organic solvent to obtain a solution, adding the solution to water while homogenizing the solution to obtain a sol, immersing an anode body having a dielectric layer in the surface of the anode body in the sol, and applying voltage using the anode body as a positive electrode and a counter electrode as a negative electrode placed in the sol to electropolymerize the polymerizable material. An electropolymerizable liquid for producing a conductive polymer, the liquid composed of a sol comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a polymerizable material for being converted into the conductive polymer.

A solid electrolytic capacitor is obtained by a method comprising dissolving a polymerizable material for being converted into a conductive polymer in a water-soluble organic solvent to obtain a solution, adding the solution to water while homogenizing the solution to obtain a sol, immersing an anode body having a dielectric layer in the surface of the anode body in the sol, and applying voltage using the anode body as a positive electrode and a counter electrode as a negative electrode placed in the sol to electropolymerize the polymerizable material. An electropolymerizable liquid for producing a conductive polymer, the liquid composed of a sol comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a polymerizable material for being converted into the conductive polymer.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body, a dielectric layer formed at the surface of the anode body, and a cathode portion that covers at least a part of the dielectric layer. The cathode portion includes a solid electrolyte layer that covers at least a part of the dielectric layer. The solid electrolyte included in the solid electrolyte layer has a weight reduction ratio of 3% or less when measured through thermogravimetric analysis in which the solid electrolyte is heated to 180° C., is kept at 180° C. for 20 minutes, is cooled from 180° C. to 30° C., and is then heated from 30° C. to 260° C. at a rate of 20° C./min.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

An additive for an organic conductor includes a naphthalene ring, at least two sulfonic acid groups bonded to the naphthalene ring, and at least one carboxy group bonded to the naphthalene ring. In the case where the number of the sulfonic acid groups is two, when the sulfonic acid groups are respectively referred to as a first sulfonic acid group and a second sulfonic acid group, and a carbon atom of the naphthalene ring bonded to the first sulfonic acid group and a carbon atom of the naphthalene ring bonded to the second sulfonic acid group are respectively referred to as a first carbon atom and a second carbon atom, the number n of carbon atoms present between the first carbon atom and the second carbon atom is three or less.