Disclosed herein are dendritically porous three-dimensional structures, including hierarchical dendritically porous three-dimensional structures. The structures include metal foams and graphite structures, and are useful in energy storage devices as well as chemical catalysis.

Disclosed herein are dendritically porous three-dimensional structures, including hierarchical dendritically porous three-dimensional structures. The structures include metal foams and graphite structures, and are useful in energy storage devices as well as chemical catalysis.

Provided is a shortened fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB) obtained by shortening a CNB having a length of 1 μm or more and a diameter in the short direction in the range of 30 to 100 nm, by oxidizing, stirring in an acid solution, subjecting to an ultrasonic treatment in a liquid, followed by cutting. The shortened CNB has an end surface on which no tip of the plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns is disposed toward the longitudinal direction at least one end in the longitudinal direction, and has an excellent dispersibility by shortening the length to less than 1 μm.

Provided is a shortened fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB) obtained by shortening a CNB having a length of 1 μm or more and a diameter in the short direction in the range of 30 to 100 nm, by oxidizing, stirring in an acid solution, subjecting to an ultrasonic treatment in a liquid, followed by cutting. The shortened CNB has an end surface on which no tip of the plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns is disposed toward the longitudinal direction at least one end in the longitudinal direction, and has an excellent dispersibility by shortening the length to less than 1 μm.

A lithium-ion battery may include a cathode, an anode, and a polymer electrolyte. The anode may include a current collector. The current collector may include a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying a metal layer. The anode may also include a patterned lithium storage structure. The patterned lithium storage structure may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying at least a portion of the first pattern of metal oxide. These and other lithium-ion batteries are described.

A lithium-ion battery may include a cathode, an anode, and a polymer electrolyte. The anode may include a current collector. The current collector may include a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying a metal layer. The anode may also include a patterned lithium storage structure. The patterned lithium storage structure may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying at least a portion of the first pattern of metal oxide. These and other lithium-ion batteries are described.

An Apparatus System comprising the following: A Sustainable Hydro Electric Structured Water low-energy pumping mechanism to move water uphills. An Alternative Energy Booster Apparatus, providing additional electricity to batteries, increasing electricity from Solar Panels. Programmable Computer Controller's with integrated processes for distribution of Virtual Currency, from Crypto Mining for Distribution of Assets. An apparatus for generating electricity from a plurality of solar panels in rack mounting structure utilizing mirror tracking apparatus. An Apparatus for Multiple Cell Electricity Generation with Battery Storage and Electricity Generation Switching and Pumping Apparatus System combined. An Apparatus and Mechanism for Hugelkultur Farming, combined with Solar Panel racking. A Hybrid Apparatus for air heating, cooling and additional electricity generation, with structured water conditioning components including temperature controlled heating and cooling created from solar photo voltaic modules. With programmable computer controllers utilizing sensing devices for managing performance of the apparatus and the complete system.

An Apparatus System comprising the following: A Sustainable Hydro Electric Structured Water low-energy pumping mechanism to move water uphills. An Alternative Energy Booster Apparatus, providing additional electricity to batteries, increasing electricity from Solar Panels. Programmable Computer Controller's with integrated processes for distribution of Virtual Currency, from Crypto Mining for Distribution of Assets. An apparatus for generating electricity from a plurality of solar panels in rack mounting structure utilizing mirror tracking apparatus. An Apparatus for Multiple Cell Electricity Generation with Battery Storage and Electricity Generation Switching and Pumping Apparatus System combined. An Apparatus and Mechanism for Hugelkultur Farming, combined with Solar Panel racking. A Hybrid Apparatus for air heating, cooling and additional electricity generation, with structured water conditioning components including temperature controlled heating and cooling created from solar photo voltaic modules. With programmable computer controllers utilizing sensing devices for managing performance of the apparatus and the complete system.

The electrode structure for electronic devices according to the present invention comprises a powdered electrode material, and carbon nanotubes having a volume resistivity of not more than 2×10.sup.−2 Ω.Math.cm.

The electrode structure for electronic devices according to the present invention comprises a powdered electrode material, and carbon nanotubes having a volume resistivity of not more than 2×10.sup.−2 Ω.Math.cm.