Discussed herein is a porous carbon microtube (PCM)-based composite film electrode. The PCMs are fabricated using an activation process to form the porous surface of the microtubes that is made up of mesopores and micropores. The electrode is formed from a mixture of a 2-dimensional material such as graphene oxide (GO) and a plurality of PCM that self-assemble in response to mixing. The mixture is disposed on a membrane in a vacuum filtration apparatus to form a precursor film which is reduced to form the composite film electrode.

Discussed herein is a porous carbon microtube (PCM)-based composite film electrode. The PCMs are fabricated using an activation process to form the porous surface of the microtubes that is made up of mesopores and micropores. The electrode is formed from a mixture of a 2-dimensional material such as graphene oxide (GO) and a plurality of PCM that self-assemble in response to mixing. The mixture is disposed on a membrane in a vacuum filtration apparatus to form a precursor film which is reduced to form the composite film electrode.

A method for manufacturing a capacitive deionization electrode exhibits enhanced ionic material adsorption efficiency. The method includes (a) kneading an electrode active material while adding a solvent to the electrode active material; (b) adding a solvent to the mixture obtained after (a) and stirring the result; and (c) preparing an electrode slurry by adding a binder to the mixture obtained after (b) and stirring the result. According to the method, a problem of a binder blocking electrode pores, which used to occur when using existing methods, is resolved by increasing mixing efficiency of the binder while using an electrode active material having a high specific surface area. A capacitive deionization electrode having very superior ionic material adsorption efficiency may be manufactured using the method.

A method for manufacturing a capacitive deionization electrode exhibits enhanced ionic material adsorption efficiency. The method includes (a) kneading an electrode active material while adding a solvent to the electrode active material; (b) adding a solvent to the mixture obtained after (a) and stirring the result; and (c) preparing an electrode slurry by adding a binder to the mixture obtained after (b) and stirring the result. According to the method, a problem of a binder blocking electrode pores, which used to occur when using existing methods, is resolved by increasing mixing efficiency of the binder while using an electrode active material having a high specific surface area. A capacitive deionization electrode having very superior ionic material adsorption efficiency may be manufactured using the method.

Provided herein is a battery and an electrode. The battery may include two electrodes; and an electrolyte, wherein at least one electrode further includes: a nano-scale coated network, which includes one or more first carbon nanotubes electrically connected to one or more second carbon nanotubes to form a nano-scale network, wherein at least one of the one or more second carbon nanotubes is in electrical contact with another of the one or more second carbon nanotubes. The battery may further include an active material coating distributed to cover portions of the one or more first carbon nanotubes and portions of the one or more second carbon nanotubes, wherein a plurality of the one or more second carbon nanotubes are in electrical communication with other second carbon nanotubes under the active material coating. Also provided herein is a method of making a battery and an electrode.

Provided herein is a battery and an electrode. The battery may include two electrodes; and an electrolyte, wherein at least one electrode further includes: a nano-scale coated network, which includes one or more first carbon nanotubes electrically connected to one or more second carbon nanotubes to form a nano-scale network, wherein at least one of the one or more second carbon nanotubes is in electrical contact with another of the one or more second carbon nanotubes. The battery may further include an active material coating distributed to cover portions of the one or more first carbon nanotubes and portions of the one or more second carbon nanotubes, wherein a plurality of the one or more second carbon nanotubes are in electrical communication with other second carbon nanotubes under the active material coating. Also provided herein is a method of making a battery and an electrode.

The invention provides filamentous organism-derived carbonaceous materials doped with organic and/or inorganic compounds, and methods of making the same. In certain embodiments, these carbonaceous materials are used as electrodes in solid state batteries and/or lithium-ion batteries. In another aspect, these carbonaceous materials are used as a catalyst, catalyst support, adsorbent, filter and/or other carbon-based material or adsorbent. In yet another aspect, the invention provides battery devices incorporating the carbonaceous electrode materials.

The invention provides filamentous organism-derived carbonaceous materials doped with organic and/or inorganic compounds, and methods of making the same. In certain embodiments, these carbonaceous materials are used as electrodes in solid state batteries and/or lithium-ion batteries. In another aspect, these carbonaceous materials are used as a catalyst, catalyst support, adsorbent, filter and/or other carbon-based material or adsorbent. In yet another aspect, the invention provides battery devices incorporating the carbonaceous electrode materials.

An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.

An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.