Energized composites include vertically aligned graphene on carbon fibers (VGCF). The VGCF enhances surface area available for charge storage, acts as templates for depositing other charge storing materials and provides stability for a minimum of 100,000 discharge cycles. The final storage device is in the order of high strength carbon fiber matrix with active material, glass fiber separator with polymer electrolyte and another carbon fiber matrix with active material. To achieve higher voltage or current, devices can be connected in series or parallel, respectively. The whole structure is made into a structural component by infusing epoxy resin. An alternating pattern of energy storage devices allows for the epoxy resin to seep through the whole structure and strongly bind them to make a monolith multifunctional composite. The high strength energized composites can power any electrical devices including electric vehicles, portable electronics, and space vehicles without any tradeoff between energy and structural integrity.

Energized composites include vertically aligned graphene on carbon fibers (VGCF). The VGCF enhances surface area available for charge storage, acts as templates for depositing other charge storing materials and provides stability for a minimum of 100,000 discharge cycles. The final storage device is in the order of high strength carbon fiber matrix with active material, glass fiber separator with polymer electrolyte and another carbon fiber matrix with active material. To achieve higher voltage or current, devices can be connected in series or parallel, respectively. The whole structure is made into a structural component by infusing epoxy resin. An alternating pattern of energy storage devices allows for the epoxy resin to seep through the whole structure and strongly bind them to make a monolith multifunctional composite. The high strength energized composites can power any electrical devices including electric vehicles, portable electronics, and space vehicles without any tradeoff between energy and structural integrity.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of creating a supercapacitor. The method includes forming an anode and a cathode, each composed of a substrate having at least one of a lignin, a lignin-based composite, activated carbon, a plant extract, a cellulose by-product, biofuel waste, one or more metals, a metal oxide, a monometallic tungstate, or a bimetallic tungstate, and sandwiching an electrolyte coated separator between the anode and the cathode. In an addition embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to an electrode composed of a particle-decorated lignin. In some embodiments, the particle-decorated lignin includes particles that can include, without limitation, MnO.sub.2, NiWO.sub.4, MnO.sub.2, NiCoWO.sub.4, CoWO.sub.4, and combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a supercapacitor made via the methods of the present disclosure.

The present application is directed to methods for preparation of carbon materials. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries.

The present application is directed to methods for preparation of carbon materials. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries.

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a BET specific surface area of 1550 to 2500 m.sup.2/g and a value of an oxygen content/hydrogen content per specific surface area of 1.00 to 2.04 mg/m.sup.2.

Methods that expand the properties of laser-induced graphene (LIG) and the resulting LIG having the expanded properties. Methods of fabricating laser-induced graphene from materials, which range from natural, renewable precursors (such as cloth or paper) to high performance polymers (like Kevlar). With multiple lasing, however, highly conductive PEI-based LIG could be obtained using both multiple pass and defocus methods. The resulting laser-induced graphene can be used, inter alia, in electronic devices, as antifouling surfaces, in water treatment technology, in membranes, and in electronics on paper and food Such methods include fabrication of LIG in controlled atmospheres, such that, for example, superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic LIG surfaces can be obtained. Such methods further include fabricating laser-induced graphene by multiple lasing of carbon precursors. Such methods further include direct 3D printing of graphene materials from carbon precursors. Application of such LIG include oil/water separation, liquid or gas separations using polymer membranes, anti-icing, microsupercapacitors, supercapacitors, water splitting catalysts, sensors, and flexible electronics.

An embodiment is directed to an electrode composition for use in an energy storage device cell. The electrode comprises composite particles, each comprising carbon that is biomass-derived and active material. The active material exhibits partial vapor pressure below around 10.sup.-13 torr at around 400 K, and an areal capacity loading of the electrode composition ranges from around 2 mAh/cm.sup.2 to around 16 mAh/cm.sup.2.

An embodiment is directed to an electrode composition for use in an energy storage device cell. The electrode comprises composite particles, each comprising carbon that is biomass-derived and active material. The active material exhibits partial vapor pressure below around 10.sup.-13 torr at around 400 K, and an areal capacity loading of the electrode composition ranges from around 2 mAh/cm.sup.2 to around 16 mAh/cm.sup.2.

The present application is directed to methods for preparation of carbon materials. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries.