An annular cathode for a vacuum tube includes a central cylindrical support whose axis is that of the cathode; an outer peripheral electron emitter with annular section whose axis is that of the cathode, extending over the outer perimeter of the cathode; and a folded skirt, secured at an inner end to the central support, and secured, at its outer end, to a plurality of lugs; each lug being disposed in series with the folded skirt, and secured with the folded skirt and with the inner surface of the electron emitter.

An external grid-controlled hot cathode array electron gun, including an insulated cathode base, a filament, a plurality of hot cathode emission elements, and a grid-controlled structure is disclosed. In one aspect, the grid-controlled structure includes an insulated grid-controlled structure body and a plurality of through holes. One side of the grid-controlled structure body abuts against the cathode base to clamp the filament between the grid-controlled structure body and the cathode base and the plurality of hot cathode emission elements are inserted into the plurality of through holes respectively.

A flat emitter, in an embodiment, includes an emitter surface to emit electrons when a filament current is applied; a first end region including at least one first connection leg; and a second end region including at least one second connection leg. According to an embodiment, at least one connection leg is embodied as a band-type connection leg and is torsioned at an angle in a longitudinal axis. According to an embodiment, the first connection leg and the second connection leg are embodied as band-type connection legs and in each case are torsioned at a definable angle in a longitudinal axis. As a result, a simply constructed flat emitter in terms of design is achieved, with a longer service life and a high level of electron emission.

A flat emitter, in an embodiment, includes an emitter surface to emit electrons when a filament current is applied; a first end region including at least one first connection leg; and a second end region including at least one second connection leg. According to an embodiment, at least one connection leg is embodied as a band-type connection leg and is torsioned at an angle in a longitudinal axis. According to an embodiment, the first connection leg and the second connection leg are embodied as band-type connection legs and in each case are torsioned at a definable angle in a longitudinal axis. As a result, a simply constructed flat emitter in terms of design is achieved, with a longer service life and a high level of electron emission.

A flat emitter, in an embodiment, includes an emitter surface to emit electrons when a filament current is applied; a first end region including at least one first connection leg; and a second end region including at least one second connection leg. According to an embodiment, at least one connection leg is embodied as a band-type connection leg and is torsioned at an angle in a longitudinal axis. According to an embodiment, the first connection leg and the second connection leg are embodied as band-type connection legs and in each case are torsioned at a definable angle in a longitudinal axis. As a result, a simply constructed flat emitter in terms of design is achieved, with a longer service life and a high level of electron emission.

An electron source that can be used stably for a long time even when hexaboride is used, and an electron beam device using the electron source are provided. The invention is directed to an electron source which includes a filament made of a metal, a metal tube that is fixed to the filament and has a plurality of recesses disposed at least in two axial directions so as to surround a central axis at an outer periphery, and a columnar hexaboride tip that emits an electron, is disposed so as to protrude from the inside of the metal tube to a side opposite to the filament, and is in contact with a bottom of each of the plurality of recesses of the metal tube.

An external grid-controlled hot cathode array electron gun, including an insulated cathode base, a filament, a plurality of hot cathode emission elements, and a grid-controlled structure is disclosed. In one aspect, the grid-controlled structure includes an insulated grid-controlled structure body and a plurality of through holes. One side of the grid-controlled structure body abuts against the cathode base to clamp the filament between the grid-controlled structure body and the cathode base and the plurality of hot cathode emission elements are inserted into the plurality of through holes respectively.

Various embodiments provide a bearing element for an electrode rod in a lamp stem. The bearing element includes an envelope configured in order to extend along a longitudinal axis of the electrode rod. The envelope has a polygonally shaped cross section at least in sections.

Various embodiments provide a bearing element for an electrode rod in a lamp stem. The bearing element includes an envelope configured in order to extend along a longitudinal axis of the electrode rod. The envelope has a polygonally shaped cross section at least in sections.

The invention relates to the field of fabrication of new materials and coatings and may be used in plants designed for electron-beam heating, melting and evaporating of materials in vacuum or reactive gas atmosphere. The disclosed axial electron gun that comprises, in particular, the primary and secondary cathodes and features the figure-shaped holder used for maintaining a stable position of the secondary cathode relative to the electron-beam axis of the axial gun and the pulsed voltage that is applied between the cathodes for electron bombardment of the secondary cathode. The invention ensures an improved stability of process parameters and operation of the electron gun.