An electron tube module includes an electron tube and a casing. The electron tube includes a vacuum container with a light transmitting substrate, a photocathode provided in an inner surface of the light transmitting substrate, an anode, and a prism. The prism includes a first surface bonded to an outer surface of the light transmitting substrate, a second surface inclined with respect to the first surface, and a third surface which further reflects light incident to the photocathode through the prism and the light transmitting substrate and reflected at an interface between the photocathode and a vacuum space so that the light is incident to the photocathode again. The casing includes a ceiling wall provided with an opening. The second surface is parallel to the ceiling wall. At least a part of the second surface is exposed to outside through the opening.

An electron tube module includes an electron tube and a casing. The electron tube includes a vacuum container with a light transmitting substrate, a photocathode provided in an inner surface of the light transmitting substrate, an anode, and a prism. The prism includes a first surface bonded to an outer surface of the light transmitting substrate, a second surface inclined with respect to the first surface, and a third surface which further reflects light incident to the photocathode through the prism and the light transmitting substrate and reflected at an interface between the photocathode and a vacuum space so that the light is incident to the photocathode again. The casing includes a ceiling wall provided with an opening. The second surface is parallel to the ceiling wall. At least a part of the second surface is exposed to outside through the opening.

An electron tube module includes an electron tube and a casing. The electron tube includes a vacuum container with a light transmitting substrate, a photocathode provided in an inner surface of the light transmitting substrate, an anode, and a prism. The prism includes a first surface bonded to an outer surface of the light transmitting substrate, a second surface inclined with respect to the first surface, and a third surface which further reflects light incident to the photocathode through the prism and the light transmitting substrate and reflected at an interface between the photocathode and a vacuum space so that the light is incident to the photocathode again. The casing includes a ceiling wall provided with an opening. The second surface is parallel to the ceiling wall. At least a part of the second surface is exposed to outside through the opening.

An electron tube module includes an electron tube and a casing. The electron tube includes a vacuum container with a light transmitting substrate, a photocathode provided in an inner surface of the light transmitting substrate, an anode, and a prism. The prism includes a first surface bonded to an outer surface of the light transmitting substrate, a second surface inclined with respect to the first surface, and a third surface which further reflects light incident to the photocathode through the prism and the light transmitting substrate and reflected at an interface between the photocathode and a vacuum space so that the light is incident to the photocathode again. The casing includes a ceiling wall provided with an opening. The second surface is parallel to the ceiling wall. At least a part of the second surface is exposed to outside through the opening.

The present invention relates to electron multiplier apparatus of the type used in ion detectors. In one form, the invention is an electron multiplier having two or more electron emissive surfaces, each having a different composition so as to together limit or overcome an acute gain effect on the electron multiplier due to the exposure of the two or more electron emissive surfaces to water molecules. Alternatively, the multiplier may have a single electron emissive surface of mixed composition comprising a first composition component and a second composition component so as to together limit or overcome an acute gain effect on the electron multiplier due to the exposure of the electron emissive surface to water molecules.

The present invention relates to electron multiplier apparatus of the type used in ion detectors. In one form, the invention is an electron multiplier having two or more electron emissive surfaces, each having a different composition so as to together limit or overcome an acute gain effect on the electron multiplier due to the exposure of the two or more electron emissive surfaces to water molecules. Alternatively, the multiplier may have a single electron emissive surface of mixed composition comprising a first composition component and a second composition component so as to together limit or overcome an acute gain effect on the electron multiplier due to the exposure of the electron emissive surface to water molecules.

Disclosed herein is a photomultiplier comprising: an electron ejector; a detector; a substrate; and a first electrode in the substrate; a second electrode in the substrate; a third electrode in the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a flat or curved surface at an angle to a normal direction of the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the electron ejector than the second end; wherein the first, second and third electrodes are spatially arranged such that the second ends of the first, second and third electrode are on a same plane, or such that a plane the second ends of the first and third electrodes are on crosses the second electrode.

Disclosed herein is a photomultiplier comprising: an electron ejector; a detector; a substrate; and a first electrode in the substrate; a second electrode in the substrate; a third electrode in the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a flat or curved surface at an angle to a normal direction of the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the electron ejector than the second end; wherein the first, second and third electrodes are spatially arranged such that the second ends of the first, second and third electrode are on a same plane, or such that a plane the second ends of the first and third electrodes are on crosses the second electrode.

Disclosed herein is a photomultiplier comprising: an electron ejector; a detector; a substrate; and a first electrode in the substrate; a second electrode in the substrate; a third electrode in the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a flat or curved surface at an angle to a normal direction of the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the electron ejector than the second end; wherein the first, second and third electrodes are spatially arranged such that the second ends of the first, second and third electrode are on a same plane, or such that a plane the second ends of the first and third electrodes are on crosses the second electrode.

Disclosed herein is a photomultiplier comprising: an electron ejector; a detector; a substrate; and a first electrode in the substrate; a second electrode in the substrate; a third electrode in the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a flat or curved surface at an angle to a normal direction of the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the electron ejector than the second end; wherein the first, second and third electrodes are spatially arranged such that the second ends of the first, second and third electrode are on a same plane, or such that a plane the second ends of the first and third electrodes are on crosses the second electrode.