The present disclosure relates to a novel method of inhibiting sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth with at least one glycoside as the sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth inhibitor, and novel compositions comprising amorphous sugar and at least one glycoside as the sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth inhibitor.

The present disclosure relates to a novel method of inhibiting sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth with at least one glycoside as the sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth inhibitor, and novel compositions comprising amorphous sugar and at least one glycoside as the sugar crystallization and/or sugar crystal growth inhibitor.

A composition comprising a protein source and an antioxidant, optionally in combination with an omega-3 fatty acid, can treat or prevent sarcopenia in elderly males, reduce a loss of muscle functionality (e.g. muscle strength, gait speed, etc.) in elderly males, increase muscle functionality in elderly males, and/or improve recovery of muscle functionality after muscle atrophy in elderly males.

A composition comprising a protein source and an antioxidant, optionally in combination with an omega-3 fatty acid, can treat or prevent sarcopenia in elderly males, reduce a loss of muscle functionality (e.g. muscle strength, gait speed, etc.) in elderly males, increase muscle functionality in elderly males, and/or improve recovery of muscle functionality after muscle atrophy in elderly males.

Provided is an oral composition, including the following components (A), (B), and (C): (A) non-polymer catechins; (B) rutin; and (C) astragalin, wherein a content of the component (A) in solids is from 2 mass % to 50 mass %, wherein a mass ratio between the component (A) and the component (B), [(B)/(A)], is from 0.05?10.sup.?2 to 50?10.sup.?2, and wherein a mass ratio between the component (A) and the component (C), [(C)/(A)], is from 1.0?10.sup.?3 to 50?10.sup.?3.

Provided is an oral composition, including the following components (A), (B), and (C): (A) non-polymer catechins; (B) rutin; and (C) astragalin, wherein a content of the component (A) in solids is from 2 mass % to 50 mass %, wherein a mass ratio between the component (A) and the component (B), [(B)/(A)], is from 0.05?10.sup.?2 to 50?10.sup.?2, and wherein a mass ratio between the component (A) and the component (C), [(C)/(A)], is from 1.0?10.sup.?3 to 50?10.sup.?3.

A composition comprising one or more polyphenols, such as oleuropein, rutin, curcumin or quercetin, can treat or prevent sarcopenia, reduce a loss of muscle functionality (e.g. muscle strength, gait speed, etc.), increase muscle functionality, and/or improve recovery of muscle functionality after muscle atrophy. The composition can be administered to an individual who is elderly and/or frail.

A composition comprising one or more polyphenols, such as oleuropein, rutin, curcumin or quercetin, can treat or prevent sarcopenia, reduce a loss of muscle functionality (e.g. muscle strength, gait speed, etc.), increase muscle functionality, and/or improve recovery of muscle functionality after muscle atrophy. The composition can be administered to an individual who is elderly and/or frail.

A liquid composition including 0.2-3.5 vol % of a pericarp essential oil, including 10-300 mg/kg/Acid of limonin, including 10-50 mg/kg/Acid of rutin, having an acidity of 2.0% or less, and being suitable for blending in a beverage. Preferably, the pericarp essential oil, the limonin, and the rutin are derived from citrus fruit, and the liquid composition is preferably obtained using the pericarp of a citrus fruit from which the outermost layer is removed to a degree that oil glands are not broken.

A nutritional supplement for reducing free radical damage is disclosed. The nutritional supplement includes a first vehicle comprising an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system and an exogenous antioxidant mixture and a second vehicle comprising a mineral mixture. The upregulating compound mixture is configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system to protect against free radical damage. The upregulating compound mixture includes alpha lipoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, EGCG, Olivol, rutin, quercetin, and hesperetin. The endogenous antioxidant system includes transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-B, PPAR, PPAR/, and PPAR that promote transcription of antioxidant genes.