In a state of mapping sensors having been advanced into a carrier by a sensor advance/withdraw mover, a sensor lifting and lowering device moves the mapping sensors up and down. With this movement, the mapping sensors detect presence or absence of substrates in a horizontal direction crossing a fore-and-aft direction in which the substrates are moved into and out of the carrier, and a height sensor detects heights of the mapping sensors. Consequently, substrate heights are detected in two different locations in the fore-and-aft direction. Based on the substrate heights, a substrate condition acquiring unit acquires a tilt of each substrate relative to the horizontal in the fore-and-aft direction. The tilt of each substrate inside the carrier is acquired in advance, thereby to be able to prevent substrate damage due to contact between a hand of a substrate transport mechanism and the substrates.

In some embodiments, apparatus and methods are provided for improved handling of lithography masks including a mask inverter that includes a first contact pad dedicated to inverting masks that have not been cleaned; a second contact pad dedicated to inverting masks that have been cleaned; an actuator coupled to the first and second contact pads and operable to invert the first and second contact pads; and a controller coupled to the actuator and operative to control the actuator. Numerous other aspects are provided.

A substrate processing system is provided. The substrate processing system includes: a first transfer apparatus; at least two first accommodating units including an upper first accommodating unit and a lower first accommodating unit; multiple first substrate processing units, which are divided into at least a first group and a second group and arranged in a height direction; an upper second accommodating unit corresponding to the first group; an upper second transfer apparatus corresponding to the first group; a lower second accommodating unit corresponding to the second group; a lower second transfer apparatus corresponding to the second group; a first delivery apparatus corresponding to the first group; and a second delivery apparatus corresponding to the second group.

A substrate treating apparatus including an unloading order changing unit. The unloading order changing unit reverses an order, in regard to unloading of substrates in a carrier from the top, between a poor inclined substrate and a substrate at least immediately above the poor inclined substrate when the poor inclined substrate is present whose inclination is determined larger than a pre-set threshold by a poor inclination determining unit. That is, the order is reversed such that the poor inclined substrate whose surface may be possibly be scratched with a hand is unloaded prior to the substrate immediately above the poor inclined substrate. Accordingly, this inhibits damages on the substrate caused by scratching a substrate surface with the hand of a substrate transport mechanism.

A wafer cassette and a method for placing a wafer are provided. The wafer cassette includes a box body including a plurality of groups of card slots formed on sidewalls of the box body. Each group of the card slots is configured to hold a wafer and includes a wafer input terminal. The wafer cassette also includes a guide device including a plurality of groups of guide slots configured to be docked to the wafer input terminals. Each group of the guide slots and a docking group of the card slots are formed at a same floor.

An apparatus for characterizing a wafer comprising an aligner comprising a chuck for receiving and rotating the wafer, a sensor for detecting the position of the wafer as it is rotated, a first actuator for lowering and raising the wafer vertically, and a second actuator for moving the chuck horizontally; and a weighing scale comprising a weight sensor disposed proximate to the aligner, and a cantilevered arm extending laterally from the weight sensor over the chuck of the aligner, the cantilevered arm having a through hole surrounding the chuck. The chuck is vertically movable relative to the weighing scale from a first position in which the wafer is supported by the chuck to a second position in which the wafer is supported by the cantilevered arm of the weighing scale. A method for characterizing a wafer using the instant apparatus is also disclosed.

Described herein is a technique capable of detecting a substrate state without contacting the substrate. According to one aspect of the technique, there is provided (a) loading a substrate retainer, where a plurality of substrates is placed, into a reaction tube; (b) processing the plurality of the substrates by supplying a gas into the reaction tube; (c) unloading the substrate retainer out of the reaction tube after the plurality of the substrates is processed; and (d) detecting the plurality of the substrates placed on the substrate retainer after the substrate retainer is rotated by a first angle with respect to a transferable position, wherein the plurality of the substrates is transferable to/from the substrate retainer in the transferable position.

The present invention relates to a wafer transport system and a method of operating the same. The wafer transport system comprises at least one semiconductor apparatus, a track, a transfer device, a positioning device, a carrier and a cleaning device. The wafer transport system transports wafers along the at least one semiconductor apparatus via the carrier riding on the track. The transfer device transfers the wafers from the carrier to the at least one semiconductor apparatus. The positioning device identifies and controls the position of the carrier on the track. The cleaning device maintains the cleanliness of the wafers. The present invention provides advantages for improving the yield rate of a wafer, shortening the fabrication time of a wafer, and offering the flexibility and the extendibility to a wafer transport system.

A wafer transfer method includes the following steps. An initial position of a first wafer in a wafer cassette is detected. A picking entry position in the wafer cassette is determined based on the initial position of the first wafer, in which the picking entry position is spaced apart from the initial position of the first wafer. A wafer transfer blade is moved to the picking entry position.

A wafer transfer system can include a wafer gripper for picking and placing semiconductor devices. In an embodiment, the wafer gripper can include a first portion, a second portion and a laminate between the first and second portion. In one embodiment, the first portion can comprise glass or tempered glass, where the first portion having at least one vacuum hole and is configured to receive the semiconductor device. In an embodiment, the second portion can include glass or tempered glass, the second portion having configured to use low air pressure from a closed vacuum to vacuum a wafer. In an embodiment, the laminate can bond the first portion to the second portion.