a fuel battery includes a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) in which a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer are stacked on each of opposite surfaces of a polymer electrolyte membrane; and separators between which the membrane-electrode assembly is interposed, wherein each of the separators includes a rib and a groove on a surface that is in contact with the gas diffusion layer, the rib and the groove forming a gas flow path through which a reaction gas to be used for power generation flows, when a thickness of the gas diffusion layer is defined as h, and a width of a portion of the rib that is in contact with the gas diffusion layer is defined as Rw, 0.29 Rw≤h≤0.55 Rw is satisfied, the gas diffusion layer includes conductive particles, conductive fibers, and a polymer resin, and average fiber length Fl and average fiber diameter Fd of the conductive fibers satisfy Fl<Rw/2 and Fd<h/100.

A bonding device of a fuel cell part is disclosed. The bonding device of the fuel cell part may bond an upper gas diffusion layer and a lower gas diffusion layer to top and bottom surfaces of an MEA base material through adhesive layers, while disposing the MEA base material between the upper gas diffusion layer and the lower gas diffusion layer, and may include: a lower die that supports the MEA base material, the upper gas diffusion layer, and the lower gas diffusion layer to be bonded with each other; an upper die installed in an upper side of the lower die; and an ultrasonic wave vibration source that is installed to be capable of moving in a vertical direction at opposite sides of the upper die, compressing the upper gas diffusion layer, and applying ultrasonic wave vibration energy to the adhesive layer.

A redox flow battery (“CRB”) performs as an energy storage system and has a negative electrode that directly utilizes CO.sub.2 in the battery charge step as an active species instead of metals. The CRB also has a positive electrode utilizing a metallic or non-metallic redox species, and a cation exchange membrane in between the negative and positive electrodes. The negative electrode comprises a porous base layer, a porous intermediate layer containing a metal oxide and a bi-functional catalyst layer for electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 or carbonate to formate and for formate oxidation to either carbonate or CO.sub.2. The bi-functional catalyst can be a PdSn based catalyst, such as PdSn, PdSnIn, and PdSnPb. The metal oxide in the intermediate layer acts as a catalyst support and can be a non-Platinum group metal (PGM) oxide, such as LaCoO.sub.3 or LaNiO.sub.3.

A gas diffusion layer includes: a conductive particle; and a fluororesin, and the fluororesin includes a first fiber having a first average fiber diameter and a second fiber having a second average fiber diameter different from the first average fiber diameter.

A method of producing electrical power includes: a cathode having a porphyrin precursor attached to a substrate, and having a first enzyme, wherein the first enzyme reduces oxygen; an anode having a first region of an anode substrate and having a gold nanoparticle composition located thereon, and having a second region of the anode substrate having an enzyme composition located thereon, wherein the enzyme composition includes a second enzyme, wherein the first region and second region are separate regions; and a neutral fuel liquid in contact with the anode and cathode, the neutral fuel liquid having a neutral pH and a fuel reagent; and operating the fuel cell to produce electrical power with the neutral fuel liquid having the neutral pH and the fuel reagent.

A method for manufacturing a membrane electrode and gas diffusion layer assembly includes: applying a catalyst ink including an ionomer to a second surface of an electrolyte membrane while conveying a first sheet in which a first surface of the electrolyte membrane is supported by a back sheet; drying the catalyst ink by blowing air vibrated with ultrasonic waves onto a surface of the catalyst ink to produce a second sheet in which a catalyst layer is provided on the second surface of the electrolyte membrane; forming a first roll by winding the second sheet; and producing a third sheet by stacking a gas diffusion layer on the catalyst layer and pressing them in a stacking direction as heating to join the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer while conveying the second sheet unwound from the first roll.

Disclosed is a pouch type metal-air battery. In the pouch type metal-air battery, when the electrolyte inside the cell comes out of the electrode assembly by applying external pressure, the electrolyte does not reach the space partitioned by the gas diffusion layer, the electrode assembly and the exterior material, due to the step caused by the projection part of the gas diffusion layer. As such, a plurality of pores in the exterior material, which corresponds to the space, may not be blocked. Therefore, since oxygen selectively permeated from the exterior material flows into the gas diffusion layer, and flows into the electrode assembly through the diffusion portion of the gas diffusion layer, the contact resistance with pressure may improve and the initial driving conditions and driving reproducibility may be secured.

A fuel cell includes an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly, a durability enhancing layer formed on at least one side of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly, and a gas diffusion layer formed on a side of the durability enhancing layer opposite a side on which the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly is formed, wherein the durability enhancing layer includes a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and a hydrogen ion conductive polymer and is formed on at least a part of the at least one side of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly.

A water electrolysis catalyst containing a solid solution complex oxide of Ir and Ru, in which the solid solution complex oxide is represented by a chemical formula Ir.sub.xRu.sub.yO.sub.2 (where x and y satisfy x+y=1.0); and the solid solution complex oxide has one diffraction maximum peak in a range of 2θ=66.10° or more and 67.00° or less in powder X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα).

An adhesive layer is placed in a region outside an outer peripheral edge part of a second catalyst layer, on a second surface of an electrolyte membrane. A support frame is placed via the adhesive layer such that the second catalyst layer and a second gas diffusion layer are placed inside an opening of the support frame. A specific region as a region between the outer peripheral edge part of the second catalyst layer and an inner peripheral edge part of the opening of the support frame is present. A predetermined material is placed inside a recessed portion present on a surface of the adhesive layer inside the specific region, the predetermined material containing at least one of a first substance having an action of decomposing hydrogen peroxide and a second substance having an action of decomposing hydroxyl radicals.