The present disclosure includes a system, method, and device related to controlling brakes of a towed vehicle. A brake controller system includes a brake controller that controls the brakes of a towed vehicle based on acceleration. The brake controller is in communication with a speed sensor. The speed sensor determines the speed of a towing vehicle or a towed vehicle. The brake controller automatically sets a gain or boost based on the speed and acceleration.

A single-electrode battery subassembly includes a separator comprising an electrolyte. The separator has a first surface and an opposing second surface. A single electrode is disposed over the first surface of the separator. A removable, electrically inert substrate disposed on the second surface of the separator.

The present specification relates to a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell, a precursor for a solid oxide fuel cell including the same, an apparatus for manufacturing a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell, and a method for manufacturing a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell.

Disclosed are a process for separating an electrode for membrane-electrode assemblies of fuel cells from the decal transfer film and an apparatus for separating the electrode. In particular, during the electrode separating process, only an electrode is separated from the decal transfer film on which the electrode is coated, without any damage, by a freezing method for freezing the specimen on the deionized water surface, and thus, wasting the expensive MEA is prevented. Thus, mechanical properties of the pristine electrode can be rapidly quantified in advance, and therefore, long term durability evaluation period during developing MEA having excellent durability is substantially reduced.

Methods and compositions for making fuel cell components are described. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a substrate, and forming or adhering an electrode on the substrate, wherein the forming includes depositing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a water-insoluble component, a catalyst, and an ionomer. The water-insoluble component comprises a water-insoluble alcohol, a water-insoluble carboxylic acid, or a combination thereof. The use of such water-insoluble components results in a stable liquid medium with reduced reticulation upon drying, reduced dissolution of the substrate, and reduced penetration of the pores of the substrate.

Disclosed is a membrane-electrode assembly having increased active area, improved fluid management capability, and decreased gas transfer resistance due to electrodes having patterned structures on both sides. Also disclosed are a method for manufacturing same, and a fuel cell comprising same. A membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and a polymer electrolyte membrane between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode has a first surface facing the polymer electrolyte membrane and a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface having a first patterned structure, and the second surface having a second patterned structure.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a catalyst-coated ion-conducting membrane for an electrochemical cell, the method comprising: providing an ion-conducting membrane, an electrocatalyst layer, and a masking layer between the ion-conducting membrane and the electrocatalyst layer, wherein the masking layer comprises one or more aperture(s) to provide one or more exposed region(s) and one or more non-exposed region(s) of the electrocatalyst layer; and contacting the layers such that the one or more exposed region(s) of the electrocatalyst layer are transferred onto the ion-conducting membrane and the masking layer prevents the one or more non-exposed region(s) of the electrocatalyst layer from being transferred onto the ion-conducting membrane.

In a membrane electrode assembly, electrode catalyst layers are provided respectively on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane. Each of the electrode catalyst layers includes polymer electrolyte and catalyst. In each of the electrode catalyst layers, the weight of a component of the polymer electrolyte contained in one surface facing the electrolyte membrane is twice as large as, or more than twice as large as the weight of the component of the polymer electrolyte contained in another surface.

Provided is an ionomer resin including a copolymer containing the following first structural unit.

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L.sub.1 to L.sub.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkanol group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a specific functional group including an anion-exchange group, and an example of the functional group is Z.sub.2-M.sub.1-Z.sub.1(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(R.sub.3). R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are directly bonded to Z.sub.1 and are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkanol group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. M.sub.1 is a linear hydrocarbon chain having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, Z.sub.1 is a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, and Z.sub.2 is a nitrogen atom bonded to one hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom. L.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.

A method for manufacturing an electrode for a fuel cell includes a mixing step of producing a first mixed solution by mixing a carbon support, a metal catalyst, a binder and a first dispersion solvent, a drying step of producing a first mixed solution dried body by drying the first mixed solution, a heat treatment step of heating the first mixed solution dried body, a second mixed solution production step of producing a second mixed solution by dissolving the heat-treated first mixed solution dried body in a second dispersion solvent, and a release paper coating step of producing an electrode by coating the second mixed solution onto a release paper, and then drying the second mixed solution.