A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material comprising a conductive layer including an electronic conductor, wherein the conductive layer is free of pores.

A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25 C. to about 100 C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5 C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500 C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10 C. to about 30 C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.

A positive electrode for a lithium-air battery includes a porous film, in which a carbon fiber composite, including an insulation coating layer formed on the outer surface of a tube-type carbon structure, is irregularly arranged. Therefore, it is possible to control the shape and size of a discharge product by inducing generation of the discharge product inside the tube-type carbon structure, thereby reducing overvoltage of a battery and improving the lifespan of the battery.

A gas-diffusion electrode substrate includes an electrode substrate and a microporous layer (MPL) disposed on one surface of the electrode substrate, wherein the gas-diffusion electrode substrate has a thickness of 110 m or more and 240 m or less, and where a cross section of the gas-diffusion electrode substrate is divided into a part having the MPL and a part having no MPL, and the part having no MPL is further equally divided into a part (CP1 cross section) in contact with the MPL and a part (CP2 cross section) not in contact with the MPL, the CP1 cross section has an F/C ratio of 0.03 or more and 0.10 or less and the CP2 cross section has an F/C ratio less than 0.03, wherein F is a mass of a fluorine atom, and C is a mass of a carbon atom.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for a solid polymer fuel cell that includes catalyst particles supported on a carbon powder carrier, the catalyst particles containing platinum, cobalt, and manganese. In the catalyst particles of the catalyst, the component ratio of platinum, cobalt, and manganese is Pt:Co:Mn=1:0.25 to 0.28:0.07 to 0.10 in a molar ratio, the average particle size is 3.4 to 5.0 nm, and further, in the particle size distribution of the catalyst particles, the proportion of catalyst particles having a particle size of 3.0 nm or less in the entire catalyst particles is 37% or less on a particle number basis. Then, a fluorine compound having a CF bond is supported at least on the surface of the catalyst particles. The present invention is, with respect to the above ternary alloy catalyst, an invention particularly effective in improving the durability.

An ionomer structural support for an electrode of fuel cell, and a method thereof are provided. An electrode of fuel cell with an ionomer structural support includes a carbon support including a metal catalyst on a surface of the carbon support, at least one ionomer structural support selected from the group consisting of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber, and a carbon nanorod, the ionomer structural support being formed on the carbon support, and ionomers formed to cover the carbon support and the ionomer structural support.

An electrochemical cell includes an air electrode in flow communication with a storage tank containing an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, a lithium electrode, a catalyst layer in contact with the air electrode or a gas diffusion layer associated with the air electrode, and a separator layer in contact with the lithium electrode and catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a catalyst for two electron reversible oxygen reduction. The catalyst comprises gold, and a cobalt coordination complex or polymer thereof. The cobalt coordination complex comprises a cobalt ion chelated by a tetradentate organic chelating ligand.

Some aspects of the invention may be directed to a catalyst layer for anodes of Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC). Such catalyst layer may include catalyst nanoparticles and an ionomer. Each catalyst nanoparticle may include one or more nanoparticles of catalytically active metal supported on at least one nanoparticle of crystalline RuO.sub.2. The diameter of the at least one nanoparticle of the crystalline RuO.sub.2 may be about order of magnitude larger than the diameter of the one or more nanoparticles of catalytically active metal.

A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

A catalyst comprising a functionalized substrate having a first charged functional group, a metal dispersed on the substrate, wherein the metal comprises at least one of Pt, Rh, Pd, Ag, Au, Ni, Os, Ir, Mn, Co, alloys thereof, oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof, and an ionomer are disclosed. Methods manufacturing a functionalized catalyst comprising catalyzing a substrate with a metal, functionalizing the catalyzed substrate with a first charged functional group, and add an ionomer to the loaded functionalized catalyst are also disclosed. Also, methods comprising catalyzing a substrate with a metal, functionalizing the substrate with a first charged functional group, and adding an ionomer to the loaded functionalized catalyst are disclosed.