The disclosure provides a SOFC comprised of an electrolyte, anode, and cathode, where the cathode comprises an MIEC and an oxygen-reducing layer. The oxygen-reducing layer is in contact with the MIEC, and the MIEC is generally between and separating the oxygen-reducing layer and the electrolyte. The oxygen-reducing layer is comprised of single element oxides, single element carbonates, or mixtures thereof, and has a thickness of less than about 30 nm. In a particular embodiment, the thickness is less than 5 nm. In another embodiment, the thickness is about 3 monolayers or less. The oxygen-reducing layer may be a continuous film or a discontinuous film with various coverage ratios. The oxygen-reducing layer at the thicknesses described may be generated on the MIEC surface using means known in the art such as, for example, ALD processes.

A method for uniformly forming a nickel-metal alloy catalyst in a fuel electrode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell is provided.

Specifically, before the nickel-metal alloy catalyst is formed, a metal oxide is uniformly distributed on nickel oxide contained in the fuel electrode through infiltration of a metal oxide precursor solution and hydrolysis of urea.

The present invention provides solid oxide cells such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors comprising an electrolyte having an interface between an yttria-stabilized zirconia material and a glass material, in some embodiments. Other embodiments add an interface between a platinum oxide material and the yttria-stabilized zirconia material in the electrolyte. Further embodiments of solid oxide cells have an ion-conducting species such as an ionic liquid or inorganic salt in contact with at least one electrode of the cell. Certain embodiments provide room temperature operation of solid oxide cells.

Provided is an interlayer for a thin electrolyte solid oxide cell, a thin electrolyte solid oxide cell including the same, and a method of forming the same. In various embodiments, functional elements (a fuel electrode, an electrolyte and a cathode) of the solid oxide cell are formed by means of a thin film process, and thus a nanostructure of the catalyst is not seriously lost due to agglomeration, different from a powder process. Thus, it is possible to accomplish catalyst activation according to a high specific surface area.

An air electrode material according to the present disclosure contains a plurality of composite particles, wherein each of the composite particles contains a core particle and a plurality of covering particles covering the core particle, the core particle is formed of a material with catalytic activity for an oxygen reduction reaction, the covering particles are formed of an electrically conductive material and are mechanically bonded to the core particles or other covering particles, and the median size of the core particles ranges from 100 to 1000 times the average primary particle size of the covering particles.

The present invention relates to a strontium magnesium molybdenum oxide material having perovskite structure and the method for preparing the same. Citric acid is adopted as the chelating agent. By using sol-gel pyrolysis and replacing a portion of strontium in Sr.sub.2MgMoO.sub.6- by cerium and a portion of magnesium by copper, a material with a chemical formula of Sr.sub.2-xCe.sub.xMg.sub.1-yCu.sub.yMoO.sub.6- is produced, where 0x<2, 0<y<1, and 0<<6. Thereby, the electrical conductivity of the material is improved. The perovskite-type cerium- and copper-replaced strontium magnesium molybdenum oxide significantly increases the electrical conductivity of the material and can be applied as the anode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

Solid oxide electrochemical devices, methods for making the electrochemical devices, and methods of using the electrochemical devices are provided. The electrochemical devices comprise a plurality of stacked functional layers that are formed by a combination of three-dimensional (3D) extrusion printing and two-dimensional (2D) casting techniques.

Provided is a method for preparing iridium oxide, comprising the steps of: preparing iridium chloride; mixing iridium chloride, a solvent and a pore control agent to prepare a dispersion; mixing the dispersion with an ion exchanging agent and performing ion exchange; removing the solvent from the dispersion to prepare a powder; and heat-treating the powder.

A solid oxide cell includes a porous solid cathode layer including a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface; a solid electrolyte layer including a first electrolyte surface and a second electrolyte surface, with the first electrolyte surface disposed toward the second cathode surface; a porous cermet anode functional layer (AFL) including a first AFL surface and a second AFL surface, the first AFL surface contacting the second electrolyte surface; a porous cermet anode substrate (AS) including a first AS surface and a second AS surface, the first AS surface contacting the second AFL surface; and a porous cermet oxidation barrier layer (OBL) including a first OBL surface and a second OBL surface, the first OBL surface contacting the second AS surface.

The invention relates to a layer system (1) for coating of a substrate (2a) to form an electrode plate (2), comprising at least one coating (1a) of metal oxide, wherein the coating (1a) includes a homogeneous polycrystalline doped indium tin oxide layer, atop which is a polycrystalline doped indium tin oxide layer composed of a network of nanofibers (6), wherein the indium tin oxide is doped with at least one element from the group comprising carbon, nitrogen, boron, fluorine, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, aluminium, silicon, titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, antimony, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten. The invention further relates to an electrode plate comprising such a layer system, to a process for production thereof, and to a fuel cell, an electrolyzer or a redox flow cell comprising at least one such electrode plate.