An electrochemical reaction unit cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction, a cathode containing Sr and disposed on another side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction, and a reaction preventing layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. The reaction preventing layer contains Zr in an amount of 0.015 wt % to 1 wt %.

An energy conversion device for conversion of various energy forms into electricity. The energy forms may be chemical, photovoltaic or thermal gradients. The energy conversion device has a first and second electrode. A substrate is present that has a porous semiconductor or dielectric layer placed thereover. The substrate itself can be planar, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional, and possess internal and external surfaces. These substrates may be rigid, flexible and/or foldable. The porous semiconductor or dielectric layer can be a nano-engineered structure. A porous conductor material is placed on at least a portion of the porous semiconductor or dielectric layer such that at least some of the porous conductor material enters the nano-engineered structure of the porous semiconductor or dielectric layer, thereby forming an intertwining region.

The present invention provides solid oxide cells such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors comprising an electrolyte having an interface between an yttria-stabilized zirconia material and a glass material, in some embodiments. Other embodiments add an interface between a platinum oxide material and the yttria-stabilized zirconia material in the electrolyte. Further embodiments of solid oxide cells have an ion-conducting species such as an ionic liquid or inorganic salt in contact with at least one electrode of the cell. Certain embodiments provide room temperature operation of solid oxide cells.

A proton-conductive solid electrolyte member has an electrolyte layer and an anode layer. The electrolyte layer contains a metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure. The anode layer contains Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and the metal oxide. The metal oxide is a metal oxide expressed by the following formula [1], or a mixture or a solid solution of a metal oxide expressed by the following formula [1]: A.sub.aB.sub.bM.sub.cO.sub.3-, where A denotes one element selected from the group consisting of Ba and Ca; B denotes one element selected from the group consisting of Ce and Zr; M denotes one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc; a is a number satisfying 0.85a1; b is a number satisfying 0.50b1; c is a number satisfying c=1b; and is an oxygen deficiency amount.

A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25 C. to about 100 C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5 C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500 C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10 C. to about 30 C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.

An energy conversion device for conversion of chemical energy into electricity. The energy conversion device has a first and second electrode. A substrate is present that has a porous semiconductor or dielectric layer placed thereover. The porous semiconductor or dielectric layer can be a nano-engineered structure. A porous catalyst material is placed on at least a portion of the porous semiconductor or dielectric layer such that at least some of the porous catalyst material enters the nano-engineered structure of the porous semiconductor or dielectric layer, thereby forming an intertwining region.

Herein discussed is a method of making an object comprising mixing particles with a liquid to form a dispersion; depositing the dispersion on a substrate to form a layer; and treating the layer to cause at least a portion of the particles to sinter, wherein the particles have a size distribution that has at least one of the following characteristics: (a) said size distribution comprises D10 and D90, wherein 10% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D10 and 90% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D90, wherein D90/D10 is in the range of from 1.5 to 100; or (b) said size distribution is bimodal such that the average particle size in the first mode is at least 5 times the average particle size in the second mode; or (c) said size distribution comprises D50, wherein 50% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D50, wherein D50 is no greater than 100 nm.

The present specification relates to a method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell and a cell module including the same.

A method of fabricating a three-dimensional (3D) architectured anode. The method comprises immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution, the precursor solution comprising a nickel salt and gadolinium doped ceria (GDC). The nickel salt and GDC are absorbed to the fabric textile. The fabric textile comprising the absorbed nickel salt and GDC is removed from the precursor solution and calcined to form a 3D architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC. Additional methods and a direct carbon fuel cell including the 3D architectured anode are also disclosed.

A method of forming a solid oxide fuel cell. The method begins by tape casting an anode support. Next an anode functional layer slurry comprising of NiO and ScCeSZ ceramic powder is coated onto the anode support. The anode functional layer slurry is then dried to form an NiOScCeSZ anode functional layer on the anode support. A first electrolyte layer comprising of a ScCeSZ slurry is then coated onto the NiOScCeSZ functional layer. The first electrolyte layer is then dried to form a ScCeSZ electrolyte layer on the NiOScCeSZ functional layer. A second electrolyte layer comprising of a samarium doped CeO.sub.2 (SDC) slurry is then coated onto the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer. The second electrolyte layer is then dried to form a SDC electrolyte layer on the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer. The combined anode support, the NiOScCeSZ anode functional layer, the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer, and the SDC electrolyte layer is then sintered together. A cathode slurry is then coated onto the SDC electrolyte layer to form a cathode layer. A solid oxide fuel cell is then formed when the combined anode support, the NiOScCeSZ anode functional layer, the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer, the SDC electrolyte layer, and the cathode layer is then sintered together.