A fuel cell component including a fuel cell substrate and a nitride material. The material may be a nitride compound having a chemical formula A.sub.xB.sub.yN.sub.z, where A is a metal, B is a metal different than A, N is nitrogen, x>0, y<7 and 0<z<12. The nitride compound may have a ratio of a stoichiometric factor to a reactivity factor of greater than 1.0. The stoichiometric factor indicates the reactivity of a nitride compound with chemical species as compared to a baseline nitride compound. The reactivity factor indicates the reaction enthalpy of the nitride compound and the chemical species as compared to a baseline nitride compound and the chemical species. The nitride compound may be Fe.sub.3Mo.sub.3N, Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.3N, Ni.sub.2W.sub.3N, CuNi.sub.3N, Fe.sub.3WN, Zn.sub.3Nb.sub.3N, V.sub.3Zn.sub.2N or a combination thereof. The nitride compound may be Si.sub.6Y.sub.3N.sub.11, Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.4N, Fe.sub.3Mo.sub.5N.sub.6 or a combination thereof.

A reinforced electrolyte matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell includes a porous ceramic matrix, a molten carbonate salt provided in the porous ceramic matrix, and at least one reinforcing structure comprised of at least one of yttrium, zirconium, cerium or oxides thereof. The reinforcing structure does not react with the molten carbonate salt. The reinforced electrolyte matrix separates a porous anode and a porous cathode in the molten carbonate fuel cell.

The invention provides a preparation method of the matrix material for the gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell. The matrix material is obtained on the polyurethane sponge through the following process: conductively treating, electroplating, dissolving nickel by electrolysis, heat-treating, tungsten-nickel alloy electroplating, heat-treating, rolling. The mass content of the metal nickel of the matrix material is 88˜92%, and the mass content of the metal tungsten is 8˜12%. The material prepared by the invention has a high specific surface area, excellent thermal conductivity and gas permeability performance, excellent electrical corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. After being prepared as the gas diffusion layer, as the diffusion layer and fuel cell electrode are closely connected, the material can effectively resist the electrochemical corrosion of the diffusion layer caused by the electrochemical reaction and is suitable for the matrix material of the gas diffusion layer.

Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.

A cell includes an air electrode layer, a fuel electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer. The fuel electrode layer contains a first rare earth element and a second rare earth element different from the first rare earth element. The solid electrolyte layer is located between the air electrode layer and the fuel electrode layer, and contains the second rare earth element. The fuel electrode layer has a first site and a second site. The second site is located between the first site and the solid electrolyte layer, and contains at least the second rare earth element.

A High Entropy Alloy (HEA) anode for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), in which the HEA anode comprises: approximately ten (˜10) atomic percent (%) to ˜35% Copper (Cu) (preferably ˜23% to ˜27% Cu, and more preferably ˜24% to ˜26% Cu); ˜10% to ˜35% Iron (Fe) (preferably ˜23% to ˜27% Fe, and more preferably ˜24% to ˜26% Fe); ˜10% to ˜35% Cobalt (Co) (preferably ˜23% to ˜27% Co, and more preferably ˜24% to ˜26% Co); ˜5% to ˜25% Nickel (Ni) (preferably ˜13% to ˜17% Ni, and more preferably ˜14% to ˜16% Ni); ˜5% to ˜20% Manganese (Mn) (preferably ˜8% to 13% Mn, and more preferably ˜9% to 11% Mn); and less than a total of ˜2% other elements as impurities (preferably less than ˜1% total of other elements or impurities, and more preferably less than ˜0.5% total of other elements or impurities), with the sum of all of the alloying elements (Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and impurities or other elements) totaling 100%.

A metal-air battery and methods for generating electricity in a metal-air battery are described herein. The battery and the method includes heating an anhydrous salt to obtain a molten salt electrolyte; contacting the molten salt electrolyte to at least one cathode communicating with air; reducing air at the cathode to obtain oxygen ions for diffusing through the molten salt electrolyte; oxidizing at least one metal anode by the oxygen ions in the electrolyte thereby generating electricity and forming a metal anode oxide; and cooling at least one section of the metal-air battery for precipitating the metal anode oxide.

Electrooxidative materials and various method for preparing electrooxidative materials formed from an alloy of oxophilic and electrooxidative metals. The alloy may be formed using methods such as spray pyrolysis or mechanosynthesis and may or may not include a supporting material which may or may not be sacrificial as well as the materials.

A fuel electrode is an electrode which is adopted to an electrochemical cell including a solid electrolyte layer having oxide ion conductivity, and to which a fuel is supplied. The fuel electrode includes ion conductive particles having oxide ion conductivity, metal particles, oxygen storage particles having oxygen storage capacity, and pores. The electrochemical cell includes the solid electrolyte layer having oxide ion conductivity, the fuel electrode disposed on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer, and an electrode disposed on another surface of the solid electrolyte layer and paired with the fuel electrode.

Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.