A method of manufacturing a conductive electrolyte layer according to various embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the objects is disclosed. The method includes loading a substrate into a sputter chamber, connecting a plurality of targets to the chamber, injecting a mixed gas into the chamber, supplying power to each of the plurality of targets and forming a conductive electrolyte layer on one surface of the substrate, and sintering the conductive electrolyte layer at a set sintering temperature.

Electrochemical cells and batteries that can operate with a single electrolyte solution, such as those comprising an anode, a cathode current collector, and a porous, non-conductive spacer between the cathode current collector and anode. Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are also disclosed. The electrochemical cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used, for example, to produce electricity or to generate hydrogen or both, and to deliver electricity or hydrogen or both to process applications.

A solid oxide fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte including zirconia between the anode and the cathode, and at least one current collector on a surface of the anode opposite the electrolyte and/or a surface of the cathode opposite the electrolyte. The at least one current collector may include a material of M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n composition, wherein M is an early transition metal, A is a Group IIIA element or a Group IVA element, X is carbon (C) or nitrogen (N), and n is an integer from 1 to 3. Related methods and systems are also disclosed.

A metal-air battery and methods for generating electricity in a metal-air battery are described herein. The battery and the method includes heating an anhydrous salt to obtain a molten salt electrolyte; contacting the molten salt electrolyte to at least one cathode communicating with air; reducing air at the cathode to obtain oxygen ions for diffusing through the molten salt electrolyte; oxidizing at least one metal anode by the oxygen ions in the electrolyte thereby generating electricity and forming a metal anode oxide; and cooling at least one section of the metal-air battery for precipitating the metal anode oxide.

Provided are a membrane electrode assembly, including a solid electrolyte layer, an anode layer provided on one side of the solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer provided on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer, the anode layer being stacked on the solid electrolyte layer to be pressed thereagainst, the anode layer including a porous anode member having electrical conductivity; and a method for manufacturing the same.

Electrochemical cells and batteries that can operate with a single electrolyte solution, such as those comprising an anode, a cathode current collector, and a porous, non-conductive spacer between the cathode current collector and anode. Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are also disclosed. The electrochemical cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used, for example, to produce electricity or to generate hydrogen or both, and to deliver electricity or hydrogen or both to process applications.

Provided are: a dry reforming catalyst, in which a noble metal (M) is doped in a nickel yttria stabilized zirconia complex (Ni/YSZ) and an alloy (M-Ni alloy) of the noble metal (M) and nickel is formed at Ni sites on a surface of the nickel yttria stabilized zircona (YSZ); a method for producing the dry reforming catalyst using the noble metal/glucose; and a method for performing dry reforming using the catalyst. The present invention can exhibit a significantly higher dry reforming activity as compared with Ni/YSZ catalysts. Furthermore, the present invention can have an improved long-term performance by suppressing or preventing the deterioration. Furthermore, the preparing method is useful in performing the alloying of noble metal with Ni at Ni sites on the Ni/YSZ surface and can simplify the preparing process, and thus is suitable in mass production.

A proton conductor of the present disclosure has a composition formula of Ba.sub.aZr.sub.1-x-yYb.sub.xNi.sub.yO.sub.3- (0.95a1.05, 0.1x0.4, and 0.15y0.30).

Baumgartner & Lamperstorfer Instruments GmbH B10930PWO-R/To 45 Abstract A highly efficient electrode, especially but not exclusively for an electrolyser for the generation of hydrogen, includes at least an electrically conductive plate, at least one layer of an electrically conductive mesh having knuckles in fused 5 electrical contact with the electrically conductive plate and mesh passages for the flow of an electrically conductive medium laterally through the mesh, as well as a porous layer of electrically conductive material coating a surface of the at least one layer of electrically conductive mesh remote from the conductive plate. The porous layer is in fused electrical contact with the mesh and has a planar surface 10 remote from the electrically conductive plate. A pore size of the porous layer is substantially smaller than a pore size of the mesh passages. 15.

A solid oxide cell includes a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode. The fuel electrode includes an electron conductive particle, and the electron conductive particle includes a body and a plurality of protrusions disposed on a surface of the body and having a shape that tapers from a boundary between the body and the protrusions in a direction toward away from the body.