Disclosed is a catalyst complex for a fuel cell. The catalyst complex includes a support including carbon (C), platinum (Pt) supported on the support, and an iridium (Ir) compound supported on the support, and the iridium compound includes at least one of iridium oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1, IrO.sub.x, and iridium-transition-metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 2, IrMO.sub.x, wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and combinations thereof, and x is from 1 to 2.

A cathode of a battery including an electrolyte membrane, containing a first layer which contains 0.3 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 9.0 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of a carbon catalyst; and a second layer which is arranged between the electrolyte membrane and the first layer in the battery, and which contains 0.002 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 0.190 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of platinum. The carbon catalyst has a ratio of a mesopore volume to a total pore volume of 30% or more.

An electrode catalyst is configured such that non-noble metal particles, noble metal particles or nitride-doped noble metal particles are supported on a carbon support, wherein the carbon support has a 2D planar crystal structure or a 3D polyhedral crystal structure and is doped with nitrogen, thereby exhibiting increased catalytic activity.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition, comprising tin oxide particles which are at least partially coated by a noble metal oxide layer, wherein the composition contains iridium and ruthenium in a total amount of from 10 wt % to 38 wt %, and all iridium and ruthenium is oxidized, —has a BET surface area of from 5 to 95 m.sup.2/g, and —has an electrical conductivity at 25° C. of at least 7 S/cm.

A method for fabricating a polymeric material for use in an energy storage apparatus, a polymeric material, and an energy storage apparatus including the polymeric material, where the polymeric material includes a polymer arranged to combine with a plurality of chemical ions so as to form an ion-conducting material, wherein the ion-conducting material is in solid-state.

Ways of making electrodes and electrodes produced thereby are provided. Dry blending of a powder mixture including a catalyst, an ionomer, and a polyether forms a blended mixture, which can be comminuted to obtain a desired particle size. A slurry of the blended mixture is formed with an aqueous medium and the slurry is coated onto a substrate to form a coated substrate. The coating can be transferred to another substrate or material for use as an electrode and/or the substrate of the coated substrate can form part of a structure, such as a membrane electrode assembly for use in a fuel cell.

A catalyst for a membrane electron assembly (MEA) comprising: a ternary oxide material having at least one composition of formula (I): Ir.sub.xM.sub.1-xO.sub.2 (I), where x is any number between about 0.25 and 0.75, and M is Ag, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Ce, Eu, Ge, Hf, La, Nd, Os, Pd, Pr, Re, Rh, Se, Sm, Tl, or W, the material being configured to catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and increase stability, activity, or both of the catalyst.

A fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly includes a support material including a ceramic material and iridium oxide, wherein a weight fraction of iridium oxide, based on metallic iridium, with respect to the total weight of the support material, is at most 50 wt%, and the support material has a weight loss of less than 3 wt%, based on the weight fraction of the iridium oxide on exposure of the support material to a 3.3 vol% hydrogen stream in argon at a temperature of 80° C. for 12 hours.

A cathode of a battery including an electrolyte membrane, containing a first layer which contains 0.3 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 9.0 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of a carbon catalyst; and a second layer which is arranged between the electrolyte membrane and the first layer in the battery, and which contains 0.002 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 0.190 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of platinum. The carbon catalyst has a ratio of a mesopore volume to a total pore volume of 30% or more.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst composition, wherein in an aqueous medium containing an iridium compound, at a pH 9, an iridium-containing solid is deposited on a support material, and the support material loaded with the iridium-containing solid is separated from the aqueous medium and dried, wherein, in the method, the support material loaded with the iridium-containing solid is not subjected to a thermal treatment at a temperature of more than 250° C. for a period of time of longer than 1 hour.