An electrode catalyst layer for fuel cells capable of effectively preventing reduction of cell voltage in a high current density region. The electrode catalyst layer contains a catalyst-on-support composed of a support made of a conductive inorganic oxide having a catalyst supported thereon and a hydrophilic material. The hydrophilic material is an agglomerate including hydrophilic conductive particles. The content of the hydrophilic material in the catalyst layer is 2 mass % or higher and lower than 20 mass % relative to the sum of the support and the hydrophilic material. The ratio of the particle size d1 of the hydrophilic particles to the particle size D of the catalyst-on-support is 0.5 to 3.0. The ratio of the particle size d2 of the hydrophilic material to the thickness T of the catalyst layer is 0.1 to 1.2.

Chalcogen-grafted carbon material as well as their functionalized forms are described along with processes for their preparation. More specifically, the chalcogen is covalently linked to the carbon scaffold of a polyaromatic carbon via C═X and/or C—X—C bonds. Processes for their preparation include a single thermal treatment without the use of strong acids or anhydrous solvents.

Disclose is a method of manufacturing catalyst ink for a fuel cell, and particularly the method includes removing eluted transition metal from a noble-metal/transition-metal alloy catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell catalyst, a fuel cell electrode including the same, and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. In one embodiment, the fuel cell catalyst includes: a support including a titanium oxynitride represented by the following Formula 1: TiO.sub.1-yN.sub.y, wherein 0.05<y<0.9; and an active material supported on the support.

Disclosed are an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells that can prevent poisoning of catalysts and a method of producing the same. The electrolyte membrane for fuel cells includes an ion transport layer including an ionomer having proton conductivity, and a catalytic composite dispersed in the ion transport layer, wherein the catalytic composite includes a catalytic particle including a catalytic metal component having an activity of decomposing hydrogen peroxide, and a protective layer formed on at least a part of a surface of the catalytic particle to prevent the ionomer from contacting the catalytic metal component.

Redox flow battery systems utilizing the reversible interconversion between carbon dioxide, (or bicarbonate or carbonate) and formate/formic acid. The battery system comprises an electrocatalyst that converts carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate into formate to store electron equivalents, and oxidizes formate to release stored electrons and discharge. A non-limiting example of an electrocatalyst that can be used for reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and formate is Pt(depe).sub.2.

A cathode, a membrane electrode assembly, and a battery, each has excellent durability. The cathode is a cathode of a battery including an electrolyte membrane, the cathode including: a first layer which contains 0.3 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 9.0 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of a carbon catalyst; and a second layer which is arranged between the electrolyte membrane and the first layer in the battery, and which contains 0.002 mg/cm.sup.2 or more and 0.190 mg/cm.sup.2 or less of platinum.

A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, includes feeding the anode with an impure hydrogen stream having low levels of carbon monoxide up to 5 ppm, and wherein the anode includes an anode catalyst layer including a carbon monoxide tolerant catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material includes: (i) a binary alloy of PtX, wherein X is a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and osmium, and wherein the atomic percentage of platinum in the alloy is from 45 to 80 atomic % and the atomic percentage of X in the alloy is from 20 to 55 atomic %; and (ii) a support material on which the PtX alloy is dispersed; wherein the total loading of platinum group metals (PGM) in the anode catalyst layer is from 0.01 to 0.2 mgPGM/cm.sup.2.

Provided is a catalyst having excellent gas transportability. Disclosed is a catalyst comprising a catalyst support and a catalyst metal supported on the catalyst support, wherein the catalyst includes pores having a radius of less than 1 nm and pores having a radius of 1 nm or more, wherein a pore volume of the pores having a radius of less than 1 nm is 0.3 cc/g support or more or a mode radius of a pore distribution of the pores having a radius of less than 1 nm is 0.3 nm or more and less than 1 nm, and wherein the catalyst metal is supported inside the pores having a radius of 1 nm or more.

Disclosed is a method for producing a palladium-based permeation membrane which is suitable for the separation of hydrogen from gas-gas or liquid-gas mixtures. The permeation membrane is produced by applying a palladium complex, dissolved in a solvent, to a nanoporous support system having pores in a size range of from 0.5 nm to 50 nm, removing the solvent by drying, removing of organic constituents of the palladium complex by a heat treatment, and carrying out a final heat treatment under reducing conditions at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.