A method of forming a package is provided and includes providing two laminate edge portions of the package, each of which includes a foil layer between first and second resin layers; and welding together the respective first resin layers at a first position spaced apart from the edges while not welding the respective first resin layers at the edges, wherein the edge portions include edges from which electrode terminals extend such that portions of the electrode terminals are exposed beyond the edges, and wherein the edge portions are between a sealing portion and exposed portions of positive and negative electrode terminals.

A lithium metal battery includes: a positive electrode, a negative electrode including lithium, a liquid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer disposed on at least a portion of the negative electrode, wherein the protective layer includes a first polymer selected from at least one of a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a poly(vinyl alcohol) blend.

A nonaqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent in which the lithium salt is dissolved. The nonaqueous solvent includes a fluorinated chain carboxylate ester and a dicarbonyl compound having two carbonyl groups in the molecule. The dicarbonyl compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of esters and acid anhydrides and has not more than three atoms between the two carbonyl groups.

A high capacity primary electrochemical lithium cell includes an anode comprising metallic lithium, a hybrid cathode comprising a liquid SO.sub.2 cathode and a solid cathode including a cathode material characterized by having a first electromotive force (EMF) when coupled to a metallic lithium anode. The first EMF is greater than a second EMF of a cell having a metallic lithium anode and a liquid SO.sub.2 cathode. A separator may separate the anode from the solid cathode. The cell includes an electrolyte solution including at least one ionizable salt dissolved in at least one organic solvent. The solid cathode material may include carbon monofluoride (CF.sub.X), a transition metal oxide, a mixture of two or more transition metal oxides or any combinations of such cathode materials. The solid cathode may also include a binder and a carbon based conductive material.

An electrochemical device including a negative electrode made of a magnesium-based material includes an electrolyte solution consisting of a solvent composed of linear ether, and magnesium salt dissolved in the solvent, in which the magnesium salt is dissolved in 3 moles or more per liter of the solvent.

The present invention is directed towards phosphorous containing flame retarding materials including a triazine moiety and an electrolyte for electrochemical cells containing the same.

A method of forming a package is provided and includes providing two laminate edge portions of the package, each of which includes a foil layer between first and second resin layers; and welding together the respective first resin layers at a first position spaced apart from the edges while not welding the respective first resin layers at the edges, wherein the edge portions include edges from which electrode terminals extend such that portions of the electrode terminals are exposed beyond the edges, and wherein the edge portions are between a sealing portion and exposed portions of positive and negative electrode terminals.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a clear conductive material with less turbidity, methods for producing and purifying the conductive material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution and an antistatic agent which contain the conductive material. The conductive material of the present invention comprises a fluorosulfonylimide salt represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein X is F of a C.sub.1-6 fluoroalkyl group,
and at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a carbonate solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent and an alcohol solvent, wherein a concentration of the fluorosulfonylimide salt is 0.1 mol/L or more, and a turbidity is 50 NTU/mol-LiFSI or less; and the production method of the present invention comprises the step of filtering a solution comprising the fluorosulfonylimide salt and the organic solvent by using a filter medium comprising the specific material.

A thin battery is produced on a surface is taught. A first electrode layer and a second electrode layer are provided on the surface. An electrolyte layer is printed on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The electrolyte layer possesses substantial mechanical strength such that further printings on top of the electrolyte layer can be done. A photopolymerizable protection layer is printed on the electrolyte layer and around a perimeter of the electrolyte layer, wherein the photopolymerizable protection layer solidifies on exposure to suitable radiation. The electrolyte layer comprises at least one first functional group and the photopolymerizable protection layer comprise at least one second functional group such that on exposure to the suitable radiation some of the at least one first functional group makes chemical bonds with some of the at least one second functional group.

Provided are primary electrochemical cells having a stable operating voltage of 0.3 V to 2.0 V that include a Li anode coupled to a cathode that is formed of one or more Group 4A, 3A, or 5A elements provided alone or as an alloy with a second, third or other Group 4A, 3A, or 5A element or one or more transition metals. The cells further include a non-aqueous electrolyte optionally with low volatility such as having a vapor pressure of 5 mm Hg or lower at STP, and optionally a lithium-ion conductive and electrically insulating separator inserted between the anode and the cathode. The cells provide stable operating voltage that in some aspects can serve to power ultra-low power devices for 10 or more years without the need for expensive or inefficient circuitry to alter the cell voltage.