An energy storage device includes a printed current collector layer, where the printed current collector layer includes nickel flakes and a current collector conductive carbon additive. The energy storage device includes a printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer, where the printed electrode layer includes an ionic liquid and an electrode conductive carbon additive. The ionic liquid can include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The current collector conductive carbon can include graphene and the electrode conductive carbon additive can include graphite, graphene, and/or carbon nanotubes.

An electrolytic solution for a fluoride ion battery includes: a fluoride salt; and a solvent for dissolving the fluoride salt, in which the solvent is an ether-containing material having a cation and an anion, and in the cation, an ether group represented by CH.sub.2OR (where R represents an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group) binds to a cation central element which is N or P.

A binder includes a third polymer including a cross-linked product of a first polymer and a second polymer, wherein the first polymer includes a first functional group and is at least one selected from a polyamic acid and a polyimide, wherein the second polymer includes a second functional group and is water-soluble, and wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are cross-linked by an ester bond formed by a reaction of the first functional group and the second functional.

A cell in which thermal welding of a laminate packaging is performed so that the thickness of a thermal welded portion including an electrode terminal is larger than that of a thermal welded portion including no electrode terminal.

Separator and electrolyte composites include a porous self-supporting separator film between or adjacent one or two electrolyte films. The electrolyte films may contain a glyme or mixture of glymes, LiX salt and complexing agent, such as PEO. The porous self-supporting separator film may be used dry or wetted with a liquid electrolyte composition. Solid state batteries and electrochemical cells are disclosed that include the described separator and electrolyte composites in combination with an anode and a cathode.

A battery for an implantable medical device (IMD) configured to support a relatively high rate of energy discharge relative to its capacity to support energy intensive therapy delivery, such as high energy anti-tachyarrhythmia shocks, by the IMD. The battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode separated a distance from the first electrode, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt including LiAsF6, an organic solvent, and an electrolyte additive that includes vinylene carbonate.

A lithium primary battery including a current collecting wire that electrically connects an electrode body and a sealing body or a battery can, in which the electrode body includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, the negative electrode includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal lithium and a lithium alloy, the current collecting wire includes a first lead connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a second lead connected to the sealing body or the battery can, and an overdischarge suppressing element interposed between the first lead and the second lead, the overdischarge suppressing element includes a first metal layer connected to the first lead, with the first metal layer being thinner than the first lead, a second metal layer connected to the second lead, with the second metal layer being thinner than the second lead, and a conductive layer interposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer disposed to face each other, the conductive layer includes a resin and a conductive material dispersed in the resin, and the conductive material inserts lithium ions at a potential that is lower than that of the positive electrode.

Disclosed is an additive for an electrochemical cell wherein the additive includes an NO bond. The additive is most preferably included in a nonaqueous electrolyte of the cell. Also disclosed are cells and batteries including the additive, and methods of charging the batteries and cells. An electrochemical cell including the additive preferably has an anode that includes lithium and a cathode including an electroactive sulfur-containing material.

To provide a material suitable for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having high-temperature durability. An ionic complex of the present invention is represented by any of the following formulae (1) to (3). For example, in the formula (1), A is a metal ion, a proton, or an onium ion; M is any of groups 13 to 15 elements. R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom, or N(R.sup.2). R.sup.2 at this time represents hydrogen atom, alkali metal atom, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom. R.sup.2 can also have a branched chain or a ring structure when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. Y is carbon atom or sulfur atom. a, o, n, p, q, and r are each predetermined integers.

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A cell is provided. The cell includes a cell element including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a laminate film including an exterior layer, a metal layer, an interior layer, and a welded layer formed of the interior layer; wherein a thickness of the welded layer is larger than 5 m in a flat portion of the interior layer, wherein the welded layer increases in thickness from the flat portion to an end portion of the welded layer, and wherein when a thickness of the laminate film is t, a thickness of the interior layer is p and a thickness of the laminate film in the welded layer is t1, a following equation is satisfied: t2p2+5<t1<t25 (m).