To provide a material suitable for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having high-temperature durability. An ionic complex of the present invention is represented by any of the following formulae (1) to (3). For example, in the formula (1), A is a metal ion, a proton, or an onium ion; M is any of groups 13 to 15 elements. R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom, or N(R.sup.2). R.sup.2 at this time represents hydrogen atom, alkali metal atom, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom. R.sup.2 can also have a branched chain or a ring structure when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. Y is carbon atom or sulfur atom. a, o, n, p, q, and r are each predetermined integers. ##STR00001##

Energy storage materials, and specifically, an electrolyte and an electrochemical device, where the electrolyte includes an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is selected from multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2 and Formula I-3, and combinations thereof, and the additive B is at least one sulfonate compound. The electrochemical device includes the above electrolyte. The electrolyte can effectively passivate surface activity of the positive electrode material, inhibit oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively reduce gas production of the battery, meanwhile the electrolyte can be adsorbed on catalytically active sites of the graphite surface to form a stable SEI film, thereby effectively reducing side reactions. The electrochemical device using the electrolyte has good high temperature and high voltage cycle performance and storage performance.

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A method includes treating a CFx material with a base during the formation of a CFx cathode; and assembling the treated CFx material into a cathode electrode and assembling the cathode electrode with a lithium anode electrode and an electrolyte into a cell.

Provided herein are electrolytes for lithium-ion electrochemical cells, electrochemical cells employing the electrolytes, methods of making the electrochemical cells and methods of using the electrochemical cells over a wide temperature range. Included are electrolyte compositions comprising a lithium salt, a cyclic carbonate, a non-cyclic carbonate, and a linear ester and optionally comprising one or more additives.

The invention belongs to a primary cell. Said primary cell contains at least one anode, with an alkali metal as active anode material, at least one cathode with an active cathode material and an electrolyte. Additionally the electrolyte comprises at least one additive whereby it is in accordance with the inventive idea that the at least one additive is a nonionic or ionic compound having at least one geminal dinitrile moiety and is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic heterocycles, compounds of the formula

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wherein M.sup.y+ denotes a counterion with a valence of y, and wherein R, R and R are substituents with an aliphatic or aliphatic heterocyclic backbone.

A lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing lithium, and a lithium ion conductive nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode includes at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide and graphite fluoride. The lithium battery includes a powdery or fibrous material attached to at least a portion of a surface of the negative electrode opposed to the positive electrode. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a nonaqueous solvent, a solute and additives. The solute includes LiClO.sub.4. The additives include LiBF.sub.4 and an oxyfluorophosphate salt.

An electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery including the electrolyte, the electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##

An electrolyte, an electrolyte solvent, and an electrolyte additive, in particular for a lithium cell, include at least one ether. The at least one ether has at least one of the general chemical formula: R11R12R13C(CR14R15)x1-[O(CR31R32)a-(CR33R34)b]c-O(CR24R25)x2-CR21R22R23 and of the general chemical formula: R41R42R43C(CR44R45)y1-O(CR54R55)y2-CR51R52R53.

An electrolytic solution, an electrochemical device containing the electrolytic solution, and an electronic device. The electrolytic solution includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate. Based on a mass of the electrolytic solution, a mass percent of the ethylene carbonate is a, a mass percent b of the propylene carbonate is 12% to 35%, a mass percent c of the fluoroethylene carbonate is 0.2% to 2.5%, and the electrolytic solution satisfies 0.1?a/b?0.75.

Use of a compound of Formula 1 in a non-aqueous battery electrolyte formulation: wherein: R is an optionally fluorinated alky group, conveniently C.sub.1-6; each Y is independently H or F. X is H; a halogen, conveniently F; or an alkyl or a fluoroalkyl, conveniently C.sub.1-6; each Z is independently a halogen, conveniently F; or H.

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