Described herein are acidified metal oxide (AMO) materials useful in applications such as a battery electrode or photovoltaic component, in which the AMO material is used in conjunction with one or more acidic species. Advantageously, batteries constructed of AMO materials and incorporating acidic species, such as in the electrode or electrolyte components of the battery exhibit improved capacity as compared to a corresponding battery lacking the acidic species.

The invention relates to a metallic lithium rechargeable electrochemical accumulator, comprising at least one lithium metal electrode and at least one polymeric electrolyte gel. Said accumulator is capable of operating at temperatures from 20 to 60 C., essentially without formation of lithium dendrites on the whole surface of the metallic lithium electrode. The above is also wherein a particularly long life, even with intensive use at low temperature. Said inventive rechargeable accumulator can be produced by use of a production method with particular application of temperature control during the specific production stages. As a result of the extremely high electrochemical performance of said accumulator, in particular the remarkable stability thereof, said accumulator can be used in new application fields such as hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles and emergency supply systems such as those of the UPS type.

The disclosure concerns an electrochemical cell including a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode including an elemental metal or metal alloy. The electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt, an ionic liquid, and an optional first polymer binder. The electrolyte and/or the anode further includes a protective metal salt in an amount sufficient to (i) reduce or eliminate hydrogen evolution or open circuit side reactions in the electrochemical cell, or (ii) plate out onto or alloy with the anode metal or conductive additives in the anode. The electrochemical cell may further include a first current collector in contact with the cathode, and a second current collector in contact with the anode. The second current collector may include a metal or metal alloy. In such cells, the second current collector may further include the protective metal salt, and the protective metal salt may plate out onto or alloy with the metal or metal alloy of the second current collector.

Provided are a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of 1,3-dioxane and further containing from 0.001 to 5% by mass of at least one selected from a specified phosphoric acid ester compound, a specified cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound, and a cyclic acid anhydride containing a side chain having allyl hydrogen; and an energy storage device using the same. This nonaqueous electrolytic solution is capable of improving electrochemical characteristics at high temperatures and further capable of not only improving a capacity retention rate after a high-temperature cycle test but also decreasing a rate of increase of an electrode thickness.

The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution capable of improving electrochemical characteristics in a broad temperature range and an energy storage device using the same. [1] A nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing, as an additive, an SO.sub.4 group-containing compound having a specified structure and [2] an energy storage device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains, as an additive, 0.001% by mass or more and less than 5% by mass of an SO.sub.4 group-containing compound having a specified structure in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, are disclosed.

A binder includes a third polymer including a cross-linked product of a first polymer and a second polymer, wherein the first polymer includes a first functional group and is at least one selected from a polyamic acid and a polyimide, wherein the second polymer includes a second functional group and is water-soluble, and wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are cross-linked by an ester bond formed by a reaction of the first functional group and the second functional.

Disclosed is a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte including a solute, a nonaqueous solvent, an isocyanate component, and a phenol component. The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is used in a power storage device.

A battery for an implantable medical device (IMD) configured to support a relatively high rate of energy discharge relative to its capacity to support energy intensive therapy delivery, such as high energy anti-tachyarrhythmia shocks, by the IMD. The battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode separated a distance from the first electrode, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt including LiAsF6, an organic solvent, and an electrolyte additive that includes vinylene carbonate.

A lithium ion conductor represented by Formula 1:
Li.sub.1+x+2yAl.sub.xMg.sub.yM.sub.2xy(PO.sub.4).sub.3 Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, M includes at least one of titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and tin (Sn), 0<x<0.6, and 0<y<0.2.

A non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprising a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte, which further contains a combination of a nitrile compound and an SO group-containing compound (or a dinitrile compound) in an amount of 0.001 to 10 wt. % imparts improved cycle performance and storage property to a lithium battery, particularly a lithium secondary battery.