A fuel cell device (10) comprising a reformer (26) is disclosed, which is provided for reforming fuel (B) for electrochemical conversion in a fuel cell unit (12), and a fuel cell unit (12), which is provided to electrochemically convert reformed fuel (RB). It is proposed to arrange a heat exchanger (40) downstream of the reformer (26) and upstream of the fuel cell unit (12) in relation to a supply of reformed fuel (RB) to the fuel cell unit (12).

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit configured to provide a fuel to a fuel inlet of the fuel cell stack, an electrochemical pump separator containing an electrolyte, a cathode, and a carbon monoxide tolerant anode, a fuel exhaust conduit that operatively connects a fuel exhaust outlet of the fuel cell stack to an anode inlet of the electrochemical pump separator, and a product conduit which operatively connects a cathode outlet of the electrochemical pump separator to the fuel inlet conduit.

A lightweight, high power density, fault-tolerant fuel cell system, method, and apparatus for full-scale clean fuel electric-powered aircraft having a fuel cell module including a plurality of fuel cells working together to process gaseous oxygen from air compressed by turbochargers, superchargers, blowers or local oxygen supply and gaseous hydrogen from liquid hydrogen transformed by heat exchangers, with an electrical circuit configured to collect electrons from the plurality of hydrogen fuel cells to supply voltage and current to motor controllers commanded by autopilot control units configured to select and control an amount and distribution of electrical voltage and torque or current for each of the plurality of motor and propeller assemblies, wherein electrons returning from the electrical circuit combine with oxygen in the compressed air to form oxygen ions, then the protons combine with oxygen ions to form H.sub.2O molecules and heat.

Provided is an end cell heater for a fuel cell capable of preventing water existing in reaction cells of a fuel cell stack from being frozen to improve initial start ability and initial driving performance of the fuel cell at the time of cold-starting the fuel cell during winter by disposing heaters on end cells disposed at both ends of the fuel cell stack and capable of securing air-tightness and pressure resistance properties of air passages and fuel passages formed in the end cell.

To provide a fuel cell system configured to achieve both rapid cooling of a fuel cell at high temperatures and rapid heating of the fuel cell at the time of system start-up. In the fuel cell system, by controlling a three-way valve, a controller switches to any one of the following circulation systems: radiator circulation in which a refrigerant flows to a radiator through a first flow path, and third flow path circulation in which the refrigerant bypasses the radiator and flows to a second flow path through a third flow path; when the temperature of the refrigerant is equal to or less than a low temperature threshold, the controller switches from the radiator circulation to the third flow path circulation and closes a first valve; and when the temperature of the refrigerant becomes equal to or more than a high temperature threshold, the controller opens the first valve and circulate the refrigerant to flow through the reserve tank.

An energy storage system converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000° C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. An array of bricks incorporating internal radiation cavities is directly heated by thermal radiation. The cavities facilitate rapid, uniform heating via reradiation. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. Gas flows through structured pathways within the array, delivering heat which may be used for processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration. Groups of thermal storage arrays may be controlled and operated at high temperatures without thermal runaway via deep-discharge sequencing. Forecast-based control enables continuous, year-round heat supply using current and advance information of weather and VRE availability. High-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuitry improves the efficiency of VRE power transfer into the system.

A method for operating a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack includes detecting a failure of a first cooling fan that blows exterior air to a first radiator, opening a first valve such that first cooling water that passes via the fuel cell stack flows toward the fuel cell stack, controlling an RPM of a blower of an air conditioning system to a maximum level, controlling an opening degree of a second valve according to a cooling degree of the first radiator and a cooling degree of the air conditioning system, and controlling an RPM of a first pump that pumps the first cooling water to a maximum level.

A cooling system for cooling a fuel cell on a vehicle includes a radiator, a branch portion connected to an outlet side of the radiator, a confluence portion connected to an inlet side of the radiator, a first passage and a second passage connected in parallel between the confluence portion and the branch portion, a fuel cell and a first pump provided in the first passage, a resistor and a second pump provided in the second passage, and a backflow preventer provided in the second passage. The first passage has no backflow preventer.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, an anode tail gas oxidizer (ATO), an ATO injector configured to mix a first portion of an anode exhaust from the fuel cell stack with a cathode exhaust from the fuel cell stack and to provide a mixture of the first portion of the anode exhaust and the cathode exhaust into the ATO, an anode exhaust conduit which is configured to provide the first portion of the anode exhaust into the ATO injector, and cathode exhaust conduit which is configured to provide at least a portion of the cathode exhaust from the fuel cell stack into the ATO injector. The ATO injector includes injector tubes or injection apertures.

an apparatus for controlling energy of a fuel cell vehicle, which may expand a usable range of an energy consuming device, may increase efficiency of heating and cooling, and may simplify a layout of the device. The apparatus includes a stack cooling line having a first coolant heated by a fuel cell stack and cooled by a first heat exchanger; a resistor cooling line having a second coolant heated by a braking resistor and cooled by a second heat exchanger; and a third heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the first coolant of the stack cooling line and the second coolant of the resistor cooling line.